Week 4 Flashcards
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI)
- infection
- sepsis
- renal stones or obstruction
how does abnormal blood volume induce renal failure
poor renal blood perfusion
causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD)
hypertension
diabetes
factors affecting plasma creatinine levels
muscle mass and renal clearance.
models measuring GFR in chronic kidney disease (not AKI)
MDRD, CKD-EPI.
MDRD vs CKD-EPI
CKD-EPI is a more accurate measurement when GFR is 60-90
urea levels in CKD or AKI
reduced GFR or hypovolaemia will increase urea reabsorption.
urea raise and creatinine raise
obstructed renal flow will lead to increased urea reabsorption.
UREA is raised PROPORTIONALY higher than creatinine raise
what is a novel marker used to estimate GFR?
cystatin C
cystatin C predictive ability.
cystatin C is considered to be a sensitive marker for early changes in renal function.
What is a marker used in AKI?
NGAL - raised due to inflammation and kidney tissue damage.
overflow proteinuria
High concentrations of small proteins. Exceed tubule reabsorbing capacity.
tubular proteinuria
Decreased ability of tubule reabsorption.
glomerular proteinuria
Kidney damage (AKI or CKD), increased permeability.
is urinary protein test used for late or early/mild kidney disease?
more sensitive when it is towards the later stages of kidney disease.
