Week 4 Flashcards
I can demonstrate the use of ligase and restriction enzymes to manipulate DNA. I can explain the use of recombinant plasmids as vectors to transform bacterial cells as demonstrated by the production of human insulin. I can explore the ethical considerations of a bioethical issue. (21 cards)
What is a species?
A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
What does ORI stand for?
Origin of replication, a region of plasmid DNA where proteins bind to initiate DNA replication.
What is an antibiotic?
A chemical that kills bacteria or slows their growth without harming body cells.
What is a transgenic organism?
An organism that contains gene/s from another species that have been inserted using DNA manipulation.
What is a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
An organism that has been genetically modified using DNA manipulation.
What is transgenesis?
The insertion of a gene from one species into another, so its protein product is expressed in the second species.
What is DNA manipulation?
The act of copying, cutting, pasting and/or movement of DNA.
What is a plasmid?
A small circular piece of DNA located in the cytoplasm of many bacteria.
What is a vector?
An organism or artificial vehicle that is capable of transferring a DNA sequence to another organism.
What is a recombinant plasmid?
A plasmid that has had a new sequence added so that the original sequence has been changed.
What is genetic modification?
The manipulation of DNA to modify the protein production of an organism.
What are restriction enzymes?
An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides.
What is a recognition site?
A specific sequence of nucleotides that is cut by a restriction enzyme.
What is an endonuclease?
An enzyme capable of cleaving phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides in a DNA strand.
What is annealing?
Recombine (DNA) in the double-stranded form via hydrogen bonds formed between complementary bases.
What are blunt ends?
Fully base-paired ends of a double-stranded DNA molecule that has been cut by a restriction enzyme.
What are sticky ends?
The uneven ends of a double-stranded DNA molecule that has been cut with a restriction enzyme.
What are transformed bacteria?
Bacteria that contain a recombinant plasmid.
What is a selective medium?
A culture medium (agar plate) containing an antibiotic that inhibits the growth of bacteria that have not been transformed.
What is DNA ligase?
An enzyme that joins the sugar-phosphate backbones of two strands of DNA so that they become one strand of DNA.
What is beta-galactosidase protein?
An enzyme that catalyses the conversion of lactose into glucose and galactose. Used in the production of human insulin.
