Week 5 Flashcards
I can explain how transgenic organisms are used in agriculture to increase crop productivity. I can summarise the function of CRISPR-Cas9 using words and diagrams. I can explore the ethical considerations of a bioethical issue. (10 cards)
What is yield?
Product of agricultural crop
What is an endonuclease?
An enzyme capable of cleaving phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides located internally in a DNA strand.
Examples include restriction enzymes and CRISPR-Cas9.
What does Bt refer to?
The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis; also refers to the crystalline insecticidal protein produced by the bacterium.
Bt crops, such as Bt-corn, are transgenic plants that express the insecticidal protein.
What is CRISPR?
A specialised sequence of DNA found in prokaryotic organisms where it acts as part of an adaptive immune response.
What is Cas9?
RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme associated with the CRISPR, produces single strand breaks in DNA.
What is a PAM sequence?
Loci where CRISPR cuts dsDNA.
What is single guide RNA (sgRNA)?
The RNA that guides Cas9 to specific sequences in the genome.
Also known as gRNA.
What is the CRISPR-Cas9 system?
CRISPR and Cas9 work together to cut DNA at a specific sequence. Used as a tool for editing/modifying genetic sequences.
What is gene knock out?
A technique that selectively disrupts a specific gene, by altering its genetic sequence, so that the expression of that gene is permanently prevented.
What is gene knock in?
A technique that selectively alters a specific gene, by substituting nucleotides or introducing a new sequence of nucleotides, so that the protein expressed by that gene is permanently changed.
