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Kinesiology > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Humerus articulates with

A

The scapula at the shoulder and the radius and ulna at the elbow

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2
Q

Scapular landmarks

A
  • supraspinatus fossa
  • infraspinatus fossa
  • spine of scapula
  • glenoid cavity
  • inferior angle
  • superior angle
  • medial border
  • lateral border
  • subscapular fossa
  • coracoid process
  • acromion process
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3
Q

Humeral landmarks

A
  • Head
  • greater tubercle
  • lesser tubercle
  • deltoid tuberosity
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4
Q

Which joint has the greatest ROM?

A

Glenohumeral joint

Has a significant amount of laxity

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5
Q

How big is the glenoid fossa compared to the humeral head?

A

Glenoid fossa is 1/4 the size of the humeral head

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6
Q

Glenoid Labrum

A

Cartilaginous ring that increases the contact area of the glenoid fossa to 70%

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7
Q

Glenohumeral joint problems

A

The price of mobility is reduced stability

  • instability problems are common
  • Rotator cuff impingement
  • Subluxations and dislocations
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8
Q

Supporting structures of the glenohumeral joint

A
  • Glenohumeral ligament

- Coracohumeral ligament

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9
Q

Glenohumeral ligament

A
  • supports glenohumeral joint anteriorly and inferiorly.

- prevents anterior dislocation

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10
Q

Coracohumeral ligament

A

supports weight of arm

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11
Q

The only attachment of the shoulder girdle to the thorax is via the…

A

Clavicle

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12
Q

Which ligaments attach the shoulder girdle to the clavicle?

A
  • Anterior sternoclavicular ligament to manubrium

- Costcoclavicular ligament to first rib.

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13
Q

Clavicle and scapula joints

A
  • Sternoclavicular (SC)
  • Acromioclavicular (AC)
  • Scapulothoracic (ST) - movement of scapula on rib cage.
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14
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Superior to GH joint

    - Bony restriction - often injured - ligament support
     - coracoclavicular ligament
     - acromioclavicular ligament (sup, inf)
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15
Q

Scapulothoracic joint (ST)

A

Depends on SC & AC joint, lacks ligament support

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16
Q

Sagittal movements of the shoulder girdle

A

elevation/depression

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17
Q

Frontal movements of the shoulder girdle

A

upward rotation, downward rotation

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18
Q

Transverse movements of the shoulder girdle

A

abduction (protraction), adduction (retraction)

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19
Q

Rotator Cuff Muscles

A

SITS
Supraspinatus
-attach to greater tubercle from above (abduct)
Infraspinatus
-attach to greater tubercle posteriorly (ext. rot.)
Teres Minor
-attach to greater tubercle posteriorly (ext. rot.)
Subscapularis
-attach to lesser tubercle anteriorly (int. rot.)

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20
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Origin -medial 2/3rds of the supraspinatus fossa

Insertion- Humeral greater tubercle (superior)

Location- superior

Action- abduction

Most often injured (SITS)
-throwing, swimming

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21
Q

Infraspinatus

A

Origin- Infraspinatus fossa (posterior surface of scapula below the spine)

Insertion- Humeral greater tubercle (posterior)

Location- posterior/deep

Movements- Extension GH joint, external rotation GH joint, horizontal abduction GH joint

provides posterior stability
Most powerful external rotator
Stretch- internal rotation with extreme horizontal abduction

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22
Q

Teres Minor

A

Origin- posterior scapula, lateral border

Insertion- humeral greater tubercle (posterior)

Location- posterior

Movements- extension GH, external rotation GH, Horisontal abduction

Posterior stability

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23
Q

Subscapularis

A

Origin- entire anterior surface of subscapular fossa

Insertion- humeral lesser tubercle

location- anterior (scapula)

Movements- adduction GH, Extension GH, internal rotation GH, stabilization of humeral head in glenoid fossa

Works with latissimus dorsi and teres major (less powerful)

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24
Q

Sagittal plane movements of the shoulder

A

Flexion/extension

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25
Frontal plane movements of the shoulder
abduction, adduction
26
Transverse plane movements of the shoulder
horizontal abduction/adduction | internal rotation/external rotation
27
Diagonal plane movements of the shoulder
diagonal abduction/adduction
28
Shoulder abductors
Pectoralis major (upper fibers) Deltoid (all) Supraspinatus
29
Shoulder flexors
Pectoralis major (upper fibers) Anterior deltoid Biceps brachii
30
shoulder adductors
Pectoralis major (lower fibers) Latissimus dorsi Teres major
31
Shoulder Extensors
Pectoralis major (lower fibers) Latissimus dorsi Teres major Triceps brachii
32
Teres Major
Not SITS (Teres minor is in SITS) Origin- Inferior 1/3rd of the lateral border of scapula Instertion- Medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus Location- posterior Movements- Adduction, extension, Internal rotation Effective only when rhomboid stabilizes the scapula Latissimus Dorsi's little helper
33
Muscles that cause External rotation at the shoulder
Infraspinatus Teres Minor
34
Muscles that cause internal rotation at the shoulder
Pectoralis major (both) Subscapularis Latissimus dorsi Teres Major (resistance)
35
Diagonal and horizontal adductors at the shoulder
Pectoralis major (both) Coracobrachialis Anterior deltoid
36
Diagonal and horizontal abductors at the shoulder
Teres minor Infraspinatus Posterior deltoid
37
Pectoralis Major
Origin- Medial 1/2 of anterior surface of the clavicle (clavicular fibers) and anterior surface of the costal cartilages of first 6 ribs adjoining surface of the sternum Insertion- Flat tendon 2-3 inches wide to lateral lip of intertubercular groove of the humerus. Location- anterior Movements- - Clavicular fibers- internal rotation, horizontal adduction, flexion up to 60 degrees, Adduction below 90 degrees, abduction above 90 degrees. - Sternal fibers- adduction, internal rotation, horizontal adduction, extension. Use powerfully - push-ups, pull-ups, throwing, tennis serve, bench press Stretch- External rotation of the shoulder (upper-clavicular), horizontal abduction (lower, sternal) Works closely with deltoid (lifting)
38
Anterior muscles that cause shoulder movement
pectoralis major coracobrachialis anterior deltoid
39
Posterior muscles that cause shoulder movement
Latissimus dorsi Teres major/minor Infraspinatus Subscapularis Posterior deltoid
40
Anterior deltoid
Origin- anterior lateral third of clavicle, lateral Insertion- deltoid tuberosity (lateral humerus) Location- anterior/superficial Actions- abduction, horizontal adduction, flexion
41
Coracobrachialis
Origin- Coracoid process of the scapula Insertion- middle of the medial border of the humeral shaft. Location- anterior/medial Action- adduciton GH joint, flexion GH joint, horizontal adduction
42
Posterior glenohumeral muscles
Latissimus dorsi Teres major posterior deltoid teres minor subscapularis infraspinatus
43
Latissimus dorsi
Origin- spinous process (T6-L5), posterior crest of the ilium, sacrum Insertion- anterior intertubercular groove of humerus Location- posterior Movements- adduction GH joint, Extension GH joint, internal rotation GH joint, horizontal abduction GH joint One of the most important extensor muscles Helps downward rotate scapula
44
Posterior deltoid
Origin- scapular spine (inferior edge) Insertion- deltoid tuberosity (lateral humerus) Location- posterior/superficial Movements (GH joint)- abduction, horizontal abduction, extension, external rotation
45
superior glenohumeral muscles
Middle deltoid Supraspinatus
46
Middle deltoid
Origin- lateral aspect of the acromion process Insertion- deltoid tuberosity (lateral humerus) Location- superior/superficial Movements- abduction GH joint
47
Strongest GH muscles
Adductors, extensors
48
Middle-strength GH muscles
flexors, abductors
49
weakest GH muscles
internal and external rotators
50
Sagittal plane flexors
pec(upper), ant. deltoid
51
sagittal plane extensors
pec(lower), lats, teres maj, triceps (ant and post)
52
frontal plane abductors
Pec (upper), deltoid, supraspin (and and post and sup)
53
frontal plane adductors
pec (lower), lats, teres maj (ant and post)
54
Transverse plane internal rotators
pecs, subscap, lats, teres maj (ant and post)
55
Transverse plane external rotators
teres min, infraspinatus (post)
56
Transverse plane horizontal abductors (diag)
Teres min, infraspin, post deltoid (post)
57
Transverse plane horizontal adductors (diag)
Pecs, coracobrach, ant delt (ant/sup)
58
Muscles that cause flexion in the sagittal plane
pectoralis major (clavicular fibers) coracobrachialis anterior deltoid
59
Muscles that cause extension in the sagittal plane
Latissimus dorsi posterior deltoid teres major teres minor subscapularis pectoralis major (sternal fibers)
60
Muscles that cause abduction in the frontal plane
Pectoralis major (clavicular fibers above 90 degrees) deltoid supraspinatus infraspinatus (upper fibers)
61
muscles that cause adduction in the frontal plane
pectoralis major (sternal fibers) latissimus dorsi teres major coracobrachialis teres minor subscapularis infraspinatus (lower fibers)
62
muscles that cause external rotation in the transverse plane
infraspinatus teres minor posterior deltoid
63
muscles that cause internal rotation in the transverse plane
pectoralis major subscapularis latissimus dorsi teres major anterior deltoid
64
muscles that cause horizontal abduction in the transverse plane
posterior deltoid infraspinatus teres minor latissimus dorsi
65
muscles that cause horizontal adduction in the transverse plane
pectoralis major coracobrachialis anterior deltoid

Kinesiology (12 decks)

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