Week 4 Flashcards
What knowledge informs psychiatric nursing?
- personality development theory
- human needs theory
- biological theories
- social determinants perspectives
Define psychosomatic.
a psychological state that contributes to physical illness
Who are the psychoanalytic theorists?
SIGMUND FREUD (unconscious access to dreams & free association) ANNA FREUD (applied ego psychology to psychoanalytic treatment with focus on child analysis and defence mechanisms)
Define the Cathartic Method.
talk therapy
- expressing or letting out aggression and anger should reduce the feeling of aggression
- re-experiencing of a traumatic event and expressing the strong emotions that are associated with them
Define Gestalt Therapy.
create role-play situations to facilitate safe expression of emotions
Define Conscious.
aware of events, thoughts & feelings with the ability to recall them
Define unconscious.
thoughts & feelings that are outside awareness & are not remembered
What are the levels of consciousness?
CONSCIOUS
PRECONSCIOUS (easily retrieved unconscious material with conscious effort)
UNCONSCIOUS
Define the ID.
ID – Primitive and unconscious part of personality, the “it” that is present when born. Produces instincts, drives, wishes. Does not like frustration but lacks problem solving ability and acts according to the PLEASURE PRINCIPLE and PRIMARY PROCESS
Define the pleasure principle.
drives the id to seek immediate gratification of all needs, wants and desires; when this causes tension Id needs to find way to discharge the tension
Define the primary process.
to discharge energy rather than act out the id forms a mental image of a desired object to substitute for an urge in order to diffuse tension and anxiety
Define the EGO.
MEDIATOR. The problem solver and reality tester that acts to avoid/ reduce anxiety. It is our moral component.
Define the secondary process.
thinking and reasoning capabilities of the ego
Define identification.
able to differentiate subjective experience, memory mages and objective reality
Define the reality principle.
the ego has capacity to delay gratification. Person considers reality to implement plan.
Define SUPEREGO.
MORAL COMPONENT. Both in the conscious and unconscious. Last part of personality to develop (by age 7). Represents the ideal, seeks perfection as opposed to seeking pleasure or engaging reason.
What imbalance between the id, ego and superego occurs when the person lacks self control?
Id is too powerful
What imbalance between the id, ego and superego occurs when the person becomes self critical, and suffer from feelings of inferiority?
Superego is too powerful
What are ego defence mechanisms?
develop to manage anxiety and environment; operate in unconscious and deny, falsify, or distort reality to make it less threatening
Freud’s psychosexual stages of development premise.
(in first 5 yr learn lifetime adjustment patterns and personality structure)
Nursing implications of Freud’s theory
- personality formation
- conscious and unconscious influence
- importances of talk sessions
- attentive listening and focus on underlying themes
Define transference.
unconscious redirecting of feelings from one person to another
Define counter-transference
the emotional reaction of the nurse to the client; this is why we require self awareness and supervisory guidance
What is psychodynamic therapy composed of?
- MORE THAN 20 SESSIONS
- use free association, dream analysis, transference/counter-transference
- agreed focus and # of session, meet weekly, intervene to keep on track or interpret, focus on here and now, clear expectations, specific current goals, focus on improving the worst symptoms, improving coping skills and gaining understand
Who is psychotherapy good for?
clients with a clearly limited area of difficulty, who are intelligent, psychologically minded and motivated to change.
- NOT for clients with psychosis, severe depression, borderline personality disorders
Erikson’s stages of development.
Trust vs mistrust.
0-1.5
Erikson’s stages of development.
Autonomy vs shame and doubt.
1.5-3
Erikson’s stages of development.
Initiative vs guilt.
3-6
Erikson’s stages of development.
Industry vs inferiority
6-12
Erikson’s stages of development.
Identity vs role confusion.
12-20
Erikson’s stages of development.
Intimacy vs isolation
20-35
Erikson’s stages of development.
Generativity vs self-absorption.
35-65