Week 4

Question 1

Only equation we need to memorize

Answer 1

CO2 + H2O H+ + HCO3-

Question 2

DEFINITION of acid

Answer 2

Molecule that donates H+ in a solution

Question 3

Definition of base

Answer 3

Molecule that accepts an H+ in solution

Question 4

Strong acids

Answer 4

FUlly ionize in solution

Examples:
HCl, HI, HBr, H2SO4, HNO3

Question 5

Strong bases

Answer 5

Fully ionized to OH- and cation.

Examples
NaOH, LiOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2

Question 6

Amphiprotic species

Answer 6

Act as both acid or a base (PO4)

Question 7

WEAK ACID

Answer 7

Most of acid remains whole and does not ionize in water.

HC2H3O3 (acetic acid)
H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)
NH4+ (ammonium)

Question 8

Weak base

Answer 8

Does not fully ionize

EXAMPLES
NH3, HCO3, CO32-, HPO4 2-

Question 9

Ha —> h +a

WHat is A?

Answer 9

Conjugate base

Question 10

H + + B HB+

What is HB+

Answer 10

Conjugate acid

Question 11

Henderson Hasselbalch equation is used to find what. What is the equation?

Answer 11

Used to find dissociation of a weak acid.

Ph= pa + log ( [A-]/ [HA])

Question 12

What does pka signify

Answer 12

Where buffers do best buffering

Question 13

‘Where does a buffer work best?

Answer 13

+ or - 1 pH level

Question 14

PH normal

Answer 14

7.4

Question 15

CO2 normal

Answer 15

40

Question 16

HCO3 normal

Answer 16

24

Question 17

Base excess normal

Answer 17

0

Question 18

What is a charge on electron

Answer 18

Coulomb

Question 19

How to calculate anion gap

Answer 19

NA+ - (Cl- +HCO3-)

Question 20

What does high AG mean?

Answer 20

Addition of acid

Question 21

What does normal AG mean?

Answer 21

Loss of base

Question 22

Electric potential energy definition

Answer 22

The potential energy between two electrons based on distance. Unit of joule

Question 23

Electric potential

Answer 23

Joule/coulomb or V

Question 24

Which way does the electric current flow?

Answer 24

• —> + current measure in charge/time. Coulomb/second

Question 25

COnductors

Answer 25

Carry electrical current efficiently

Question 26

Insulators

Answer 26

Resist carrying electrical current

Question 27

How to find current?

Answer 27

I= V/R Ohm’s Law

Question 28

Conductance

Answer 28

Opposite of resistance. Measured in mho or S Siemens G= 1/R

Question 29

How to find electrical power?

Answer 29

Current x voltage. P= IV W=AV

Question 30

Units for power

Answer 30

J/s or W

Question 31

N-type conductors

Answer 31

Are negative and have “extra” e floating around. Uses metals from group V

Question 32

P-type semi conductors

Answer 32

Use metal from group 3. Is a positive conductor and has one less electron, creating a hole.

Question 33

DIode

Answer 33

P-type bound to n-type. Conducts electricity in one direction, but not he other

Question 34

Transistors definition PNP and NPN

Answer 34

Has p-type, n-type and p-type semiconductor material. P-type is emitter, n-type is base, 2nd p-type is collector. CUrrent between emitter and base??? Not sure if we need to know...

Question 35

Definition of spectroscopy

Answer 35

Light reflecting off a material and beer’s law is used for pulse ox

Question 36

Beer’s LAW

Answer 36

Absorbance for wavelength of light (A) depends on absorbtivity (a) of material, concentration (c) and thickness (b)

Question 37

What happens with alpha decaf

Answer 37

Looses He ion A-4 and Z-2 Usually very large nuclei Alpha partical big and doesn’t go far. Not a problem unless material is in your body already

Question 38

Beta - decay

Answer 38

Neutron goes to proton + kicks out an electron and antineutrino. A does not change Z +1

Question 39

B + decay

Answer 39

Positron decay. Proton goes to neutron, kicks out positron and neutrino A remains same, Z-1 Used with pet scan

Question 40

Gamma decay

Answer 40

Does not change configuration of nucleus

Question 41

What does gamma knife do to element?

Answer 41

A+1, Z+1

Question 42

What is definition of decay constant

Answer 42

Inverse of half life

Question 43

How does CO2 scrubber get rid of CO2?

Answer 43

NaOH and Ca(OH)2

Question 44

What does temperature compensating valve in variable bypass vaporizer do?

Answer 44

Adjusts flow of air either down to vaporizer or straight across

Question 45

What’s special about desflurane vaporizer?

Answer 45

It has heater to allow desflurane to boils. IS NOT temperature dependent like other vaporizers

Question 46

What’s special about N2O

Answer 46

Since it diffuses through aveoli, the n2o will go into blood, leaving an increased concentration of anesthesia gases. This causes second gas effect

Question 47

How is N2O stored?

Answer 47

Mostly as liquid. Pressure gauge will not be correct since it is mostly liquid. You can tell how much N2O is left by weight of tank. It will only read pressure once the tank is “running on fumes”

Question 48

What is the threshold of perception for electrical charge?

Answer 48

0-10mA

Question 49

What is let-go current of electric current

Answer 49

10-100mA

Question 50

What is the hot wire in a plug?

Answer 50

Black is hot and smaller slit

Question 51

What is the neutral wire?

Answer 51

White is neutral and larger slit. Does NOT provide shock if kid puts knife in

Question 52

Which one is the ground?

Answer 52

Green is ground.

Question 53

How does GFI work?

Answer 53

Always analyzes current coming back in through neutral line. If there is any difference in hot—> neutral, then the sensor will trip and shut off outlet. Bigger difference trips quicker

Question 54

Describe action potential of ventricular myocyte

Answer 54

0- NA rushes in, 1- Na channels close, K remains leaking out 2- Ca VG open, causing plateau, VG K channels open 3-Closure of VG Ca channels cause rapid decrease in mV with K continues to leak out. 4- VG K Channels close. Kleak at baseline

Question 55

Sinoatrial action potential

Answer 55

0- Ca in 3- K out 4- “funny current” overshoot of k