Week 4 - Attention

Question 1

Define attention

Answer 1

Focusing on specific features objects or locations or uncertain sorts of activities

Question 2

Selective attention definition

Answer 2

The ability to focus on one message, and ignore all others

Question 3

What is distraction?

Answer 3

Occurs when one stimulus interferes with attention to all the processing of another stimulus

Question 4

What is divided attention?

Answer 4

The ability to pay attention to, or carry out, two or more different tasks simultaneously

Question 5

What is attentional capture?

Answer 5

Rapid, shifting of attention, usually caused by stimulus, such a loud noise, bright, light, or sudden movement

Question 6

What is visual scanning

Answer 6

Movement of the eyes from one location or object to another

Question 7

What is the filter model of attention?

Answer 7

Model of attention that proposes a filter that lets attended stimuli through and blocks of some or all of the unattended stimuli

Question 8

What is dichotic listening?

Answer 8

The procedure for sending one message to the left you on a different message to the right ear

Question 9

What is shadowing?

Answer 9

The procedure of repeating a message out loud as it is heard. Shadowing is commonly used in conjunction with studies of selective attention that use the dichotic listening procedure.

Question 10

What is the cocktail party effect?

Answer 10

The ability to focus on one stimulus, while filtering out the other stimuli, especially at a party where there are a lot of simultaneous conversations

Question 11

Under what model of attention is the word filter defined?

Answer 11

Broadbent model of attention

Question 12

Define filter in relation to the broadband model of attention

Answer 12

Identifies the messages being attended to based on its physical characteristics, things like the speakers tone of voice, pitch, speed of talking, and accent

Question 13

What is a detector in relation to the Broadbent model of attention?

Answer 13

The detective processes the information from the attend, a message to determine high-level characteristics of the message, such as it’s meaning

Question 14

What is the early selection model in relation to Broadbent’s attention theory?

Answer 14

Model of attention that explains selective attention by filtering out the unattended message. In Broadbent, early selection model, the filtering step occurs before the messages is analysed to determine its meaning.

Question 15

What is an attenuator?

Answer 15

In Treismans model of selective attention, the attenuator analyses the incoming messages in terms of physical characteristics, language, and meaning. Attended messages pass through the attenuator at full strength, and unattended messages passed through with reduced strength.

Question 16

What is the attenuation model of attention?

Answer 16

And tries men’s model of selective attention that proposes that selection occurs in two stages. In the first stage, and attenuator analyses the incoming message and let’s through the attended message.

Question 17

What is the dictionary unit in relation to treismans attenuation model?

Answer 17

This processing unit contain stored words and thresholds for activating the words. The dictionary unit helps explain why we can. Sometimes you’re a familiar word, such as our name, in an unattended message.

Question 18

What are the late selection models of attention

Answer 18

A model of selective attention that proposes that selection of stimuli for final processing is not occur until after the information in the message has been analysed for meaning

Question 19

What is processing capacity

Answer 19

The amount of information in put that a person can handle. This set a limit on the persons ability to process information.

Question 20

What is the perceptual load?

Answer 20

Related to the difficulty of a task. Low load task is only a small amount of a persons processing capacity. High load tasks use more of the processing capacity.

Question 21

What is a low load task?

Answer 21

A task that use a few resources, leaving some capacity of a handle other tasks

Question 22

What is a high load task?

Answer 22

That’s awesome that uses most, or all of a persons resources, and so leaves little capacity to handle other tasks

Question 23

What is the load theory of attention?

Answer 23

Proposal that the ability to ignore task, a relevant stimuli depends on the load of the task the person is carrying out. High load tasks results in less distraction.

Question 24

What is the Stroop effect?

Answer 24

Task in which a person is instructed to respond to one aspect of a stimulus, such as the colour of ink, that a word is printed in, and ignore the other aspect, such as the colour of the word names. The strip effect refers to the fact that people find this task difficult when, for example, the word RED is printed in blue ink

Question 25

What is a fixation?

Answer 25

And problem-solving, peoples tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of the problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution. Perception, attention, opposing of the eyes on places of interest while observing a scene.

Question 26

What is saccadic eye movement?

Answer 26

Hi movements, from one fixation point to another

Question 27

What is overt attention?

Answer 27

Shifting of attention by moving the eyes

Question 28

What is stimulus salience?

Answer 28

Volume up factors that determine attention to elements of a scene.

Question 29

Name three example of stimulus salience?

Answer 29

Colour, contrast, and orientation

Question 30

What is the saliency map?

Answer 30

Map of the scene that indicates the stimulus salience of areas and objects in the scene

Question 31

What is covert attention?

Answer 31

Occurs when a tension of shifted, without moving the eyes, commonly referred to as seeing something out of the corner of the eye

Question 32

What is pre-queueing?

Answer 32

Procedure in which participants are given a cue that will usually help them carry out a subsequent task. This procedure has been using visual attention experiments in which participants are presented with a cue that tells them where to direct their attention.

Question 33

What is the same object advantage?

Answer 33

Occurs when the enhancing affective attention spreads throughout an object, so that attention to one place on an object results in a facilitation of processing at other places on the object

Question 34

What is attentional warping?

Answer 34

Occurs when the map of categories on the brain changes to make more space for categories that are being search for as a person attends to a scene

Question 35

What is automatic processing?

Answer 35

Press the thing that occurs automatically, without the person, intending to do it, and it also uses few cognitive resources. Automatic processing is associated with easy or well practice tasks

Question 36

What is experience sampling?

Answer 36

Procedure that was developed answer the question “what percentage of the time during the day are people engage in a specific behaviour”. One way this has been achieved by having people report what they were doing when they receive signals at random times during the day.

Question 37

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 37

A type of learning in which behaviour is controlled by rewards the following behaviours

Question 38

Give one example of operant conditioning

Answer 38

Giving a dog, a toy, after performing a trick

Question 39

What is mind wondering

Answer 39

Who is that come from? Within a person, often, intentionally. In early research. This was called day dreaming

Question 40

What is inattentional blindness?

Answer 40

No, noticing something, even though it is in very clear view, usually caused by failure to pay attention to the object or the place where the object is located

Question 41

What is change detection?

Answer 41

Detecting differences between pictures or displays that are presented one after another

Question 42

What is binding?

Answer 42

A process by which features such as colour, form, motion, and location, are combined to create perception of a coherent object

Question 43

What is the binding problem?

Answer 43

The problem of explaining how an objects individual features become down together

Question 44

What is the feature Integration theory?

Answer 44

On approach to object, perception, developed by and tribesman, that proposes a sequence of stages, in which features of first analysed, and then compare to result in perception of an object