Week 4 - Energy Imbalance

Question 1

Which hormone slows gastric empyting and leads to a feeling of fullness?

Answer 1

CCK

Question 2

During fasting, beta cells release _____ which decreases appetite and food intake

Answer 2

glucagon

Question 3

this hormone signals to the body that there are sufficient fat stores

Answer 3

Leptin

Question 4

In prader willi syndrome, which hormone is elevated?

Answer 4

Ghrelin

Question 5

Which 2 hormones are involved in energy balance and fat storage?

Answer 5

adiponectin
leptin

Question 6

which hormone signals that the body has stored enough body fat

Answer 6

leptin

Question 7

which hormone signals that the body can store more body fat

Answer 7

adiponectin

Question 8

adiponectin levels _____ as body fat decreases

Answer 8

increase - this improves body’s sensitivity to insulin and enhances the body’s capacity to store fat

Question 9

low levels of ____ hormone are associated with increased risk of T2DM

Answer 9

adiponectin

Question 10

Leptin levels ____ as body fat increases

Answer 10

increase

Question 11

How can adipose tissue mass increase?

Answer 11

1. More trigycerides = bigger adipocytes
2. adipocytes can grow in # as immature ones divide to make more (but this only happens when BMI reaches 40)

Question 12

What does BMI need to be in order to be eligible for bariatric surgery?

Answer 12

> 40
35 with comorbidiits

Question 13

how much of the stomach is removed in the LVSG laproscopic vertical sleeve gastrectomy?

Answer 13

85%

Question 14

Which bariatric procedure removes most of the stomach, leaving a narrow banana shapored portion

Answer 14

laproscopic vertical sleeve gastroectemy

Question 15

What does macronutrient intake look like pre-surgery?

Answer 15

low carb
so fat
high protein
(no fibre)

Question 16

what are post-op surgery requirements?

Answer 16

1.5g/kg of ideal body weight

Minimum 60g/day

Question 17

What vitamins should you take for the rest of your life post surgery?

Answer 17

1. Multivitamin (if it only contains 4-9 mg of iron, take 2x)
2. calcium citrate 600 mg x 3
3. B12 - 600 mcg
4. vitamin D - 3000 IU

Question 18

When food with a high sugar content is quikcly released or dumped into the small bowel, due to the absence of the pyloris sphinchter in the bypassed portion of the stomach, this is called:

Answer 18

dumping syndrome

Question 19

___ %, or ____ million canadian adults are obese

Answer 19

26%, 8 million adults

Question 20

____ %, or ____ million canadian adults are overweight

Answer 20

34%, 10.5 million

Question 21

what are 4 differences ofhow obesity was viewed then and now?

Answer 21

1. used to prioritze 1 lb weight loss/week. now weight loss isnt the main goal.
2. used to say weight was a lifestyle choice. but its not.
3. used bmi to generalize obesity. now we say dont use bmi on individuals
4. before we focused on weight loss for success. now we focus on health otucomes

Question 22

what is the prevalence of weight discrimination in the US?

Answer 22

66%

Question 23

physically active female with 32 BMI, no risk factors, no symptoms, no self-esteem issues, no functional lmitations. What stage of the Edmonton Obesity Staging system is this

Answer 23

0

Question 24

28 yr old female with BMI of 59, borderline hypertension, mild lower back and knee pain, no need for medical intervention. What stage of the Edmonton Obesity Staging system is this

Answer 24

1

mild obesity, related psychological and physical symptoms.

subclinical symptoms

Question 25

32 yr old male with bmi of 36. has primary hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea. What stage of the Edmonton Obesity Staging system is this

Answer 25

2 established obesity related comporbities moderate symptoms

Question 26

49 yr old female with bmi of 67. sleep apnea, CV disease, GERD. mobility is impaired

Answer 26

stage 3 sifnigicant symptoms. obesity related end organ damage like myocardial infarction, heart failure, diabetes complications major depression or suicide thought reduced mobility

Question 27

45 yr old female with bmi of 54. in a wheel chair due to arhtirits, severe hyperpnea, anxiety disorder

Answer 27

stage 4

Question 27

what waist circumference puts people at risk?

Answer 27

40 inches for males 35 inches for femaes

Question 28

medical management of obesity may include the following:

Answer 28

1. medical nutrition therapy 2. physical activity 3. psych intervention 4. pharmacotherapy 5. bariatric surgery

Question 29

People with obesity are at increased risk of which micronutrient deficiencies?

Answer 29

Vitamin D Vitamin b12 iron

Question 30

how do you calculate ideal body weight?

Answer 30

Men = 22 x (height in meters)2 Women = 22 x (height in meters-10cm)2

Question 31

What are the 4 pillars of the portfolio diet?

Answer 31

1. eat 45 g nuts 2. eat 50 g plant protein 3. eat plant sterol 2g 3. eat sticky (soluble) fibre 20g

Question 32

What is the main purpose of the portfolio diet?

Answer 32

lower cholesterol!

Question 33

Which diet is best for lowering blood pressure!?

Answer 33

DASH diet

Question 34

Which micronutrients does the DASH diet prioritize?

Answer 34

potassium magnesium calcium

Question 35

2 potential benefits of intermittent fasting:

Answer 35

1. protecting against disease 2. beneficial for women in menopause

Question 36

What are the health indicators we can use to evaluate nutrition interventions with patients/clients?

Answer 36

1. cognitive improvements 2. functional improvement 3. medical improvements 4. body composition improvements 5. appetite improvements 6. mental health improvements

Question 37

If adults are living with obesity or prediabetes, what % weight loss should they target?

Answer 37

5-7%

Question 38

If adults are living with TD2 what % weight loss should they target?

Answer 38

7-12%

Question 39

Liraglutide and Orlistat can be used for long term obesity management, weight liss, T2DM, and prediabetes. Which 2 can Naltrexone work for?

Answer 39

long term obesity Type 2 diabetes

Question 40

what is the recommended dosage of liraglutide?

Answer 40

3 mc/day

Question 41

If a company is trying to approve a weight loss drug in canada, what 3 thinfs need to happen?

Answer 41

1. the drug needs to be studied in clinical trials for 1 YEAR 2. there must be weight loss > 5% in at least 35% of patients 3. need to show improvement in obesity-related comorbidities

Question 42

how many millions of canadians ahve osteoporosis?

Answer 42

1.4 million canadians