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FNN 301 > Week 5 - Anemia > Flashcards

Week 5 - Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Which components that make up the hematological system?

A
  1. blood
  2. blood vessels
  3. bone marrow
  4. spleen
  5. other tissue

BOBBS
Bob only buys blue socks

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2
Q

Which components make up blood?

A

NNEWT-RMP!

nutrients
nitrogenous waste
electrolytes
white blood cells
transport proteins
red blood cells
minerals
platelets

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3
Q

Please give the breakdown percentages of blood

A

45% RBCS (hematocrit)
55% plasma (water, protein, electrolytes)
1% buffy coat (white blood cells, platelets)

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4
Q

What is considered adequate calcium intake?

A

1000-1200 mg/day

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5
Q

what is considered vitamin D intake?

A

800-2000 IU/day

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6
Q

How do you diagnose osteoporosis?

A
  1. use DEXA scan, and compare t-score to WHO t-score
  2. use FRAX to estimate risk of hip and osteoporosis
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7
Q

What t-score indicates osteoporosis

A

< -2.5

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8
Q

Why is smoking a risk factor for osteoporosis?

A
  1. nicotine and cadmium are toxic to osteopblasts
  2. tobacco smoke reduced intestinal calcium absorption
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9
Q

What are the different components of the hematological system?

A

BOBBS! Bob only buys blue socks

Blood
Other
Blood vessels
Bone Marrow
Spleen

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10
Q

What are the different components that make up blood?

A

NNEWT-RMP

Nutrients
Nitrogenous Waste
Electrolytes
White Blood Cells
Transport proteins
RBCS
Minerals
Platelets

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11
Q

What is the % breakdown of blood?

A

RBCs - 45%
Plasma - 55%
buffy coat - 1% - Platelets and WBCs

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12
Q

What is plasma made up of?

A

water, protein, hormones, electrolytes

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13
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

It is the % of blood volume taken up by RBCs

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14
Q

Hemoglobin has 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains. What are 2 differences between the alpha and beta chains?

A
  1. their ability to carry oxygen
  2. their resistance to binding
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14
Q

What does mean cell volume measure?

A

it measures the average size of the RBC!

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14
Q

What is RDW? WHat does it measure?

A

Red cell distribution width
it measures the variation in size of RBCs

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14
Q

What does mean corpuscular hemoglobin measure?

A

It measures how much hemoglobin there is in each RBC

14
Q

What is CBC?

A

complete blood count

15
Q

What is the most common blood lab test?

16
Q

Diagnosis of nutritional anemia is based on which 2 factors:

A
  1. cell size
  2. hemoglobin content
17
Q

iron-deficiency anemia is an example of:

A

microcytic anemia

18
Q

What causes microcytic anemia?

A

the body is having problem making hemoglobin

19
Q

Spoon-shaped nails
PICA
Restless leg syndrome

Are all signs of:

A

iron-deficiency anemia

20
Q

What are the initial recommended tests in order to diagnose iron deficiency anemia?

A
  1. Complete blood count
  2. serum ferritin
21
Serum ferritin is often recommended as an initial test for assessing iron deficiency. What levels of serum ferritin would indicate iron deficiency, possible iron deficiency, or normal iron levels?
Iron deficiency: - <12 ug/L in kids - <15 ug/L in adults Possible iron deficiency: - 12 ug/L - 30 ug/L in kids - 15 ug/L - 30 ug/L in adults Normal serum ferritin levels - 30 - 200 ug/L Target ferritin levels are 50-100
22
What does measuring hemoglobin and hematocrit levels tell us? What is considered normal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels?
Severity of anemia It does not tell us if it is iron deficiency anemia Hemoglobin: 140g/L men 120-160g/L women Hematocrit: 0.4-0.54 men 0.37-0.47 women
23
What does mean corpuscular volume tell us? What is the normal range?
tells us if the person as microcytic or macrocytic anemia Normal range: 76-100fL
24
What is the incidence of IDA in developing countries?
45%
25
What is the incidence of IDA in developing worldwide?
25%
26
What is the incidence of IDA in worldwide pediatrics?
47%
27
What is the incidence of IDA in canadian preschoolers?
30%
28
What is the incidence of IDA in regular women?
30%
29
which races are most at risk for IDA?
Mexican americans hispanic blacks
30
what % of pregnant women have IDA?
41%
31
What % of kids under 2 have IDA?
47%
32
What are 4 consequences of iron deficiency anemia?
1. growth restriction 2. impaired physical endurance 3. impaired neurodevelopment 4. low birth weight
33
Why do people get IDA?
1. contaminants, like lead 2. too much CuMnCaZn 3. bad absorption 4. increased needs 5. blood loss
34
When recommending iron supplements to patients, what parameters should you recommend?
- amount: 100-200 mg - when: 1-2 hours before eating (needs stomach acid) - with what: without any other medication, except with 600-1200 mg vitamin C
35
What are ways people can increase iron intake ?
- use cast iron - take vitamin C - increase consumption of heme iron - lucky fish
36
What is the RDA for iron?
kids - 8 mg/day adults - 18 mg/day pregnant adults - 27 mg/day pregnant vegetarians - 49 mg/day
37

FNN 301 (10 decks)

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