Week 4 Health and Health Determinants Flashcards
(179 cards)
1
Q
What should a nurse assess in vulnerable clients?
a) Only their medical history.
b) Their strengths and limitations.
c) Their family background.
d) Their financial status.
A
B
2
Q
What is essential for creating a trusting environment?
a) Focusing on strict policies.
b) Limiting client interactions.
c) Establishing trust as a foundational element.
d) Requiring frequent assessments.
A
C
3
Q
How can nurses show support for vulnerable clients?
a) By being strict and authoritative.
b) By minimizing their concerns.
c) By showing respect, compassion, and concern.
d) By ignoring their requests.
A
C
4
Q
What should nurses avoid when working with clients?
a) Asking direct questions.
b) Providing emotional support.
c) Using open-ended communication.
d) Making assumptions about their needs.
A
D
5
Q
Why is coordination of services important?
a) To reduce the number of care providers.
b) To ensure comprehensive care.
c) To focus solely on emergency care.
d) To limit client choices.
A
B
6
Q
What does advocacy for health care access entail?
a) Promoting accessible health care for all clients.
b) Focusing only on wealthier clients.
c) Restricting services to certain groups.
d) Ignoring systemic barriers
A
A
7
Q
What should be emphasized in nursing care strategies?
a) Prevention.
b) Cure after the fact.
c) Minimizing patient involvement.
d) Immediate medication administration.
A
A
8
Q
When supporting clients, what is necessary for client empowerment?
a) Always taking control of their care.
b) Knowing when to walk beside or ahead.
c) Making decisions for them.
d) Limiting their choices.
A
B
9
Q
Why is resource awareness crucial for nurses?
a) To support clients effectively.
b) To limit client options.
c) To reduce care costs.
d) To manage services solely.
A
A
10
Q
How can nurses assist in support network development?
a) By isolating them from others.
b) By controlling their friend choices.
c) By helping clients build their support networks.
d) By discouraging social interactions.
A
C
11
Q
What is a key impact of poverty on physical health?
a) Increased access to healthcare resources.
b) Chronic hunger significantly affects physical health.
c) Improved nutritional outcomes for individuals.
d) Strong social support enhances health.
A
B
12
Q
How does poverty affect psychological health?
a) Promotes higher self-esteem and confidence.
b) Facilitates better mental health outcomes.
c) Encourages community support and engagement.
d) Contributes to feelings of helplessness and lack of control.
A
D
13
Q
What health outcomes are correlated with poverty?
a) Strong correlation with poor health outcomes and social exclusion.
b) Increased access to quality health services.
c) Higher levels of community engagement.
d) Improved health literacy among individuals.
A
A
14
Q
What developmental outcomes are experienced by children in poverty?
a) Consistent improvement in cognitive skills.
b) Uniform access to educational resources.
c) Enhanced emotional development and resilience.
d) Experience poor developmental outcomes.
A
D
15
Q
How does poverty impact educational outcomes for children?
a) Children tend to have poorer educational outcomes.
b) Leads to higher rates of college enrollment.
c) Facilitates better academic performance and success.
d) Increases participation in extracurricular activities.
A
A
16
Q
What is a noticeable trend in disease occurrence among children in poverty?
a) Lower rates of chronic illness.
b) Greater access to preventive care.
c) Increased likelihood of disease occurrence.
d) Higher immunity to common diseases.
A
C
17
Q
What challenges do individuals facing homelessness often encounter?
a) Abundant access to food resources.
b) Safe living conditions with support.
c) Availability of stable housing options.
d) Inadequate nutrition and environmental exposure.
A
D
18
Q
How does homelessness affect access to healthcare?
a) Universal health coverage is guaranteed.
b) Limited access to appropriate healthcare resources.
c) Increased access to mental health services.
d) Regular check-ups and preventive care are common.
A
B
19
Q
What social issues are prevalent among the homeless population?
a) Full integration into societal institutions.
b) Experience exclusion, discrimination, and marginalization.
c) Strong community ties and networks.
d) Support from government welfare programs.
A
B
20
Q
How does homelessness affect mental and physical health?
a) Promotes improved mental wellness.
b) Increases physical fitness and well-being.
c) Reduces risk of chronic conditions.
d) Higher likelihood of experiencing mental illness and concurrent conditions.
A
D
21
Q
What do people experiencing homelessness struggle with concerning their health?
a) Consistently maintain high quality of life.
b) Have regular access to health check-ups.
c) Sustain a balanced and healthy lifestyle.
d) Prone to conditions that affect quality of life.
A
D
22
Q
What is the definition of food insecurity?
a) An overabundance of food options available.
b) A temporary shortage of food due to disasters.
c) The ability to access any food regardless of quality.
d) A lack of access to healthy and nutritious foods.
A
D
23
Q
How does urban planning affect food accessibility?
a) City design influences the availability of food resources.
b) It has no effect on food availability.
c) It ensures equal distribution of all resources.
d) It focuses only on transportation infrastructure.
A
A
24
Q
Which factor increases reliance on food banks?
a) Full-time employment with high wages.
b) Savings from financial investments.
c) Availability of an abundance of food in stores.
d) Underemployment of households with low income.
A
D
25
Who is disproportionately affected by food insecurity?
a) Young professionals with stable jobs.
b) High-income individuals with no dependents.
c) Women and children in low-income households.
d) Retired citizens with substantial savings.
C
26
Which group does NOT typically face social exclusion?
a) Indigenous peoples and communities.
b) Disabled individuals and racialized communities.
c) High-income professionals.
d) Children and elderly individuals.
C
27
What is a consequence of social exclusion?
a) Increased community participation and support.
b) Equal opportunities for all societal groups.
c) Enhanced access to healthcare services for everyone.
d) Unequal access to economic and social resources.
D
28
What role do nurses play in addressing food insecurity?
a) Focus only on administrative tasks.
b) Conduct research irrelevant to social issues.
c) Advocate for improved healthcare access for affected individuals.
d) Increase costs of healthcare services for better resources.
C
29
How do nurses address stigmas in healthcare?
a) Promote unequal treatment for different communities.
b) Ignore the needs of vulnerable individuals.
c) Encourage stigmatization of patients for better outcomes.
d) Work to eliminate discrimination and access barriers.
D
30
What is a key responsibility of nurses in community engagement?
a) Focus solely on hospital-based care.
b) Limit interaction with the community.
c) Disregard research on social issues.
d) Strengthen resources to support those in need.
D
31
What do nurses seek to understand regarding their patients?
a) Only the medical history of patients.
b) The lived experiences of vulnerable individuals.
c) The financial status of patients' families.
d) The personal preferences of healthcare staff.
B
32
What is the definition of vulnerability?
a) A trait influencing emotional strength.
b) Being in need and at higher risk of harm.
c) An individual's personal success level.
d) A measure of physical health.
B
33
What contributes to structural vulnerability?
a) Personal achievements and education.
b) Individual health choices and habits.
c) Political, economic, and social arrangements.
d) Natural environmental conditions.
C
34
Which factors influence the degree of structural vulnerability?
a) Diet, exercise, and healthcare access.
b) Cultural beliefs and non-profit membership.
c) Friendship networks and social media use.
d) Class, age, gender, sexuality, and race.
D
35
How can vulnerability affect populations?
a) It uniformly affects everyone equally.
b) It impacts various groups based on risk factors.
c) It only concerns economic-based populations.
d) It exclusively relates to health professionals.
B
36
What are social determinants of health (SDOH)?
a) Personal habits of exercise and diet.
b) Conditions that affect people's health outcomes.
c) Measures of individual emotional well-being.
d) Trends in global health statistics.
B
37
What can be classified as structural factors?
a) Personal beliefs determining choices.
b) Immediate family lifestyle patterns.
c) Broader societal influences shaping health.
d) Local weather conditions impacting health.
C
38
What are health inequities?
a) Positive variations in health outcomes.
b) Random health outcomes among populations.
c) Equal health access among all groups.
d) Differences in health considered unfair or unjust.
D
39
Health inequalities refer to what?
a) Avoidable differences in health outcomes.
b) Only negative outcomes in specific groups.
c) Health issues caused solely by poverty.
d) Variations in health among groups, not implications of unfairness.
D
40
Why are social determinants of health important in nursing?
a) They significantly influence health outcomes.
b) They are irrelevant to patient care.
c) They only concern diagnostic procedures.
d) They complicate healthcare delivery.
A
41
What does the interplay of factors refer to in health?
a) Simple relationships between diet and health.
b) Direct effects of medication on health.
c) Unrelated individual lifestyle choices.
d) Complex interaction of social, individual, and environmental factors.
D
42
What does stigmatization refer to in the context of vulnerability?
a) Negative labeling impacting self-esteem and social standing.
b) Positive recognition affecting self-worth.
c) Social integration into mainstream society.
d) Supportive feedback from peers.
A
43
How does racialization contribute to vulnerability?
a) Encourages diversity among individuals.
b) Promotes equality among all groups.
c) It leads to discrimination based on racial identities.
d) Fosters collaboration in communities.
C
44
What is marginalization?
a) Integration into cultural practices.
b) A process leading to social exclusion from society.
c) Recognition of individual contributions.
d) Promotion of public discourse.
B
45
What type of treatment is considered discrimination?
a) Unjust treatment based on characteristics like race.
b) Equal opportunity for all individuals.
c) Supportive care based on needs.
d) Acceptance of diverse backgrounds.
A
46
Which of the following is a social determinant of health?
a) Genetic predispositions to diseases.
b) Personal motivation to maintain health.
c) Conditions affecting health outcomes in various environments.
d) Access to recreational activities.
C
47
What does 'lack of access to resources' indicate?
a) Abundance of community programs.
b) High levels of societal cohesion.
c) Insufficient availability of essential services and supports.
d) Comprehensive educational resources.
C
48
What does victim blaming imply?
a) Holding individuals accountable for their misfortunes.
b) Encouraging shared societal responsibilities.
c) Recognizing systemic issues affecting individuals.
d) Promoting community support systems.
A
49
How does poverty contribute to vulnerability?
a) Increases opportunities for wealth generation.
b) Enhances communication among communities.
c) Fosters educational advancement.
d) It limits access to basic needs.
D
50
What is food insecurity?
a) Abundance of healthy food options.
b) High food quality in local markets.
c) Lack of reliable access to affordable, nutritious food.
d) Universal access to food resources
C
51
What is a key aspect of health equity?
a) Equal treatment regardless of circumstances.
b) Achieving fair conditions for health potential.
c) Promotional campaigns for health awareness.
d) Shared health practices among populations.
B
52
What is emphasized in upstream efforts for reducing vulnerability?
a) Addressing social and structural determinants.
b) Focusing on individual health choices.
c) Enhancing immediate medical interventions.
d) Reducing healthcare costs.
A
53
What is the role of nurses in promoting health equity?
a) Focusing solely on clinical skills.
b) Recognizing root causes of vulnerability.
c) Advancing only personal health agendas.
d) Prioritizing profitability in healthcare.
B
54
Why is a holistic assessment important for nurses?
a) It emphasizes medical diagnoses only.
b) It streamlines patient loads.
c) It incorporates social determinants into care evaluations.
d) It focuses on administrative tasks.
C
55
What action is crucial for advocating vulnerable populations?
a) Limiting support to only specific groups.
b) Reinforcing existing inequalities.
c) Promoting improved access to healthcare services.
d) Advocating for reduced healthcare funding.
C
56
How can nurses counteract stigmatization?
a) By enforcing stereotypes in healthcare education.
b) By promoting structural and systemic changes.
c) By isolating marginalized groups.
d) By ignoring social issues in practice.
B
57
What is a primary factor contributing to homelessness?
a) High income levels
b) Lack of affordable housing
c) Excessive personal savings
d) Stable family structures
B
58
Which of the following can help prevent homelessness?
a) Lack of education
b) Social isolation
c) Poor healthcare access
d) Stable employment
D
59
How does poverty limit choices for individuals?
a) Increased social support systems
b) Enhanced healthcare access
c) More job vacancies
d) Reduced access to education and job opportunities
D
60
What is a consequence of homelessness on health?
a) Improved overall health metrics
b) Better access to healthcare options
c) Increased risk of physical and mental health issues
d) Lower incidence of chronic diseases
C
61
What role do nurses play in addressing homelessness?
a) Avoiding care for homeless individuals
b) Fostering isolation among patients
c) Advocacy for policy changes
d) Limiting community resource collaboration
C
62
What vulnerability factor is evident in a patient with chronic alcohol problems?
a) Strong community ties
b) High social engagement
c) Social isolation
d) Robust support networks
C
63
What stereotype might impact the care of a patient with substance use issues?
a) Recognizing them as a valued individual
b) Seeing them as a model patient
c) Understanding their unique circumstances
d) Labeling the patient as just another drunk
D
64
What should nurses consider when planning care for substance use patients?
a) Addressing potential mental health needs
b) Focusing solely on physical health
c) Avoiding patient backgrounds
d) Using a judgmental approach
A
65
Which factor can influence healing after an amputation?
a) Access to rehabilitation services
b) Isolation from healthcare
c) Abandonment of care
d) Relative lack of community support
A
66
What ongoing issue might complicate a patient's healing process?
a) Ongoing substance use issues
b) Excellent healthcare access
c) Strong familial support
d) Good physical condition
A
67
What is the primary focus of the Medical Approach post-WWII?
a) Physiological problems.
b) Psychological interventions.
c) Social and environmental conditions.
d) Health education and promotion.
A
68
What was the main goal of the Medical Approach?
a) Improving social justice.
b) Promoting healthy behaviors.
c) Aimed at restoring health.
d) Enhancing community well-being.
C
69
Which statement reflects the emphasis of the Medical Approach?
a) Individual treatment and cure.
b) Collective health initiatives.
c) Behavioral change education.
d) Economic health policies.
A
70
In the Medical Approach, who holds the responsibility for health?
a) Individuals and their families.
b) Government and policymakers.
c) Placed in the hands of the medical system.
d) Community organizations.
C
71
What recognition marked the Behavioral Approach in the 1970s?
a) Socioeconomic factors dominate health.
b) Group health decisions are crucial.
c) Medical education drives health outcomes.
d) Individual behaviors and choices impact health.
D
72
What was a key emphasis of the Behavioral Approach?
a) Medical treatment prioritization.
b) Improvement of societal structures.
c) Education and health promotion.
d) Creation of health policies
C
73
Who shifted the responsibility for health in the Behavioral Approach?
a) Governments and authorities.
b) Healthcare providers.
c) Community leaders.
d) Shifted to individuals.
D
74
What is recognized in the Socioenvironmental Approach of the 1980s?
a) Only medical interventions matter.
b) Not all individuals can make the same health choices.
c) Health is solely an individual responsibility.
d) Education solves all health issues
B
75
What is the emphasis of the Socioenvironmental Approach?
a) Enhancing individual medical care.
b) Behavior modification strategies.
c) Financial investment in healthcare.
d) Improving social and environmental conditions.
D
76
In the Socioenvironmental Approach, who bears the responsibility for health?
a) Limited to healthcare professionals.
b) Placed on society as a whole.
c) Focused solely on individual actions.
d) Entrusted to government solely.
B
77
What new focus was introduced in the Socioenvironmental Approach?
a) Exclusive focus on medical advancements.
b) Retaining traditional health measures.
c) Individual-centric health programs.
d) New focus on social justice and equity.
D
78
What are many risk behaviors viewed as?
a) Coping strategies
b) Health challenges
c) Physical activities
d) Cultural practices
A
79
How does physical inactivity impact health?
a) It improves coping mechanisms.
b) It increases resilience to stress.
c) It directly affects health and stress levels.
d) It has no significant effect.
C
80
What is the recommended amount of physical activity per week?
a) 30 minutes of light activity daily.
b) 60 minutes of intense workouts weekly.
c) 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity.
d) 120 minutes of mild exercise weekly.
C
81
What is a major health concern linked to obesity?
a) Increased physical strength.
b) Enhanced immune response.
c) Various negative health outcomes.
d) Improved digestion.
C
82
What role does tobacco use play in health?
a) It promotes better lung function.
b) It helps to reduce stress.
c) It contributes significantly to health problems in Canada.
d) It has no impact on health.
C
83
How does culture influence health practices?
a) It shapes understandings of health and wellness.
b) It has no impact on health choices.
c) It limits access to health information.
d) It only affects diet preferences.
A
84
Why are immigrants and refugees vulnerable?
a) They have better health access.
b) They are always well-informed.
c) They may experience unmet health determinants.
d) They face no challenges in healthcare.
C
85
What type of discrimination is prevalent in health?
a) Individual biases only.
b) Systemic discrimination based on identities.
c) Discrimination is nonexistent.
d) Cultural assimilation issues.
B
86
What historical issues affect Indigenous health?
a) Economic prosperity.
b) Cultural integration.
c) Globalization benefits.
d) The effects of colonization
D
87
What factors are crucial for community and population health?
a) Access to advanced technology.
b) High personal income.
c) National stability and freedom from violence.
d) Individual health insurance.
C
88
How does social exclusion impact health outcomes?
a) It provides better community support.
b) It lowers stress levels significantly.
c) It has no effect on health.
d) It significantly negatively impacts health.
D
89
What is the greatest threat to health according to the text?
a) Poverty significantly affects health and wellness.
b) Lack of exercise and diet.
c) Genetics and hereditary factors.
d) Access to healthcare facilities.
A
90
How does income impact physical health?
a) It only affects emotional health.
b) Income has no impact on health.
c) Physical health is determined by genetics.
d) Income directly influences physical health outcomes.
D
91
Which factor is crucial for emotional resilience?
a) Regular exercise and diet.
b) Complete social isolation.
c) Living in poverty.
d) Financial security enhances emotional resilience.
D
92
What does health literacy refer to?
a) Understanding and applying health information.
b) Knowing medical terminologies only.
c) Accessing healthcare services.
d) Availing insurance benefits.
A
93
How does education relate to job opportunities?
a) Education is unrelated to jobs.
b) Education increases job opportunities and security.
c) Only vocational training matters.
d) Job opportunities depend on income levels.
B
94
What is one benefit of stable employment?
a) Provides a sense of purpose and hope.
b) Causes high stress levels.
c) Limits social connections.
d) Increases chances of job loss.
A
95
What role do working conditions play?
a) Only affect mental health.
b) They can support health or pose risks.
c) Have no impact on health.
d) Enhance job satisfaction alone.
B
96
What is a major concern in the nursing profession?
a) Low job satisfaction.
b) Complete lack of challenges.
c) Exclusively daytime shifts.
d) High stress and high rates of injury.
D
97
How do social connections relate to social health?
a) They are unrelated to finances.
b) Influenced by one’s economic status.
c) Only matter in childhood.
d) Depend on geographical location.
B
98
What is one indirect impact of literacy on health?
a) Decreases employment opportunities.
b) Limits access to information.
c) Only affects educational achievement.
d) Improves health understanding and decision-making.
D
99
What are distal determinants of health?
a) Immediate factors influencing health outcomes.
b) Simple medical interventions and treatments.
c) Deeply embedded influences affecting all health determinants.
d) Genetic predispositions to certain diseases.
C
100
Which component shapes current health outcomes historically?
a) Social Foundations.
b) Historical Foundations.
c) Proximal Determinants.
d) Immediate Environment.
B
101
What influences health through political structures and policies?
a) Economic Foundations.
b) Political Context.
c) Social Relationships.
d) Healthcare Practices.
B
102
Which determinant includes beliefs that underpin health systems?
a) Ideological Foundations.
b) Biological Determinants.
c) Cultural Practices.
d) Historical Context.
A
103
How do economic foundations affect health?
a) They lower healthcare costs.
b) They define medical knowledge.
c) They impact access to health resources.
d) They influence personal beliefs.
C
104
What is significant about the Indigenous worldview in health?
a) It excludes social factors.
b) It focuses on global standards.
c) It includes spirituality and self-determination.
d) It depends solely on historical events.
C
105
What major issue do Indigenous Peoples face today?
a) Complete equity in healthcare.
b) Direct access to global resources.
c) Absence of cultural knowledge.
d) Systemic discrimination from colonialism.
D
106
How are Indigenous knowledge systems commonly perceived?
a) Highly regarded and valued.
b) Completely ignored by society.
c) Often viewed as inferior.
d) Universally accepted in education.
C
107
What contributes to significant health disparities for Indigenous communities?
a) Insufficient funding and resources.
b) Overabundance of health studies.
c) Immediate access to healthcare.
d) Perfect balance in resource allocation.
A
108
What characterizes the interconnectedness of health determinants?
a) They operate independently of each other.
b) They only affect proximal determinants.
c) They are completely isolated factors.
d) They create synergies of advantage or disadvantage.
D
109
What should efforts to improve Indigenous health prioritize?
a) Proximal determinants exclusively.
b) Short-term health interventions.
c) Distal determinants over proximal determinants.
d) Individual lifestyle changes.
C
110
How is health defined in this context?
a) As being whole, sound, or well.
b) A measure of physical fitness only.
c) The absence of any illness or disease.
d) A subjective personal feeling of well-being.
A
111
What does the concept of wholeness represent?
a) Strictly a measure of physical health.
b) A state of completeness that may vary.
c) Only related to mental wellness.
d) An undefined state devoid of challenges.
B
112
How can wholeness be assessed?
a) Only through mental health assessments.
b) By various health indicators.
c) By subjective opinions of others.
d) Using a single standard measurement tool.
B
113
What is wellness according to the content?
a) An objective health statistic.
b) A universal measure of well-being.
c) A medical diagnosis of health conditions.
d) A person's subjective experience of health.
D
114
What differentiates wellness from health?
a) Health focuses on mental aspects only.
b) Wellness is only a physical condition.
c) Wellness is subjective, health is objective.
d) They are identical in meaning.
C
115
What does disease refer to?
a) An individual's personal health experience.
b) A physiological deviation from normal.
c) A state of complete wellness.
d) An abstract concept with no measurable effects.
B
116
How is illness defined?
a) The subjective experience of living with a disease.
b) The absence of any identifiable disease.
c) A purely physiological condition.
d) An objective measure of overall health.
A
117
What does 'health as realization' imply?
a) A strict adherence to medical advice.
b) Only achieving physical fitness goals.
c) Lack of challenges in life.
d) Achieving aspirations and adapting to the environment
D
118
How is health viewed as a resource?
a) As a resource for daily living.
b) A one-time goal to achieve.
c) Only a physical capability measure.
d) A negative concept related to struggles.
A
119
What does the positive concept of health emphasize?
a) Only individual physical strength.
b) A lack of personal relationships.
c) Social and personal resources alongside physical capabilities.
d) Strict focus on medical interventions.
C
120
What does health as stability refer to?
a) Achieving maximum physical ability.
b) Experiencing emotional highs and lows.
c) Maintenance of homeostasis within the body.
d) Complete isolation from health concerns.
C
121
What is meant by health as actualization?
a) Achieving one's full human potential.
b) Merely existing without illness.
c) Avoiding all stress and challenges.
d) Only focusing on physical appearance.
A
122
How does health as unity represent an individual?
a) A focus solely on mental health.
b) The integrity and interconnectedness of the whole person.
c) Separating physical and emotional states.
d) Ignoring social relationships completely.
B
123
What do Structural Determinants of Health encompass?
a) Historical, political, societal, and economic structures.
b) Only economic factors impacting health.
c) General health behaviors and lifestyle choices.
d) Individual choices regarding diet and exercise.
A
124
Correct answer: Historical, political, societal, and economic structures.
What are Proximal Determinants compared to?
a) Roots of a Tree.
b) Branches of a Tree.
c) The Crown of a Tree or Leaves.
d) The trunk of a Tree.
C
125
Which key Proximal Determinant supports lifelong health?
a) Adult Education Programs.
b) Early Childhood Development.
c) Government Health Policies.
d) Economic Growth Initiatives.
B
126
What impact does income have on health?
a) Income has no impact on health.
b) Low income guarantees better health outcomes.
c) Only wealth can sustain good health.
d) Higher income often correlates with better health.
D
127
How does education influence health?
a) Restricts knowledge about health care.
b) Only impacts employment opportunities.
c) Enhances health literacy and access to resources.
d) Has negligible effect on health.
C
128
What do social support networks provide?
a) Financial aid for health expenses.
b) Emotional and practical support.
c) Access to professional counselling only.
d) Limited interaction and community support.
B
129
Which employment aspect impacts mental health?
a) Job location.
b) Job duration only.
c) Company size.
d) Job security and satisfaction.
D
130
What role do Physical Environments play in health?
a) Influence access to clean air and safe housing.
b) Only affect diet choices.
c) Are irrelevant to health outcomes.
d) Impact only mental health.
A
131
How does Culture affect health?
a) Determinantly hinders health facilities.
b) Has no bearing on health practices.
c) Only affects physical appearance.
d) Influences health behaviors and access to care.
D
132
What do Intermediate Determinants serve as?
a) An obstruction to health improvement.
b) Isolated factors unrelated to health.
c) Only political influences.
d) A bridge between proximal and distal determinants.
D
133
What encompasses Health Promotion?
a) Government regulations only.
b) Only educational content delivery.
c) Healthcare cost reduction efforts.
d) Initiatives encouraging healthy behaviors and lifestyles
D
134
What aspect of health care is essential for overall health?
a) Only emergency room availability.
b) Natural remedies and homeopathic treatments.
c) Social media health advice popularity.
d) Access to and quality of health services.
D
135
What role does the Government play in health?
a) Shapes policies and regulations affecting health outcomes.
b) Only funds healthcare institutions.
c) Promotes unhealthy lifestyle choices.
d) Ignores public health entirely.
A
136
How do Kinship and cultural aspects influence health?
a) Have no significant health impact.
b) They enhance resilience and well-being.
c) Only concern economic stability.
d) Primarily affect educational outcomes.
B
137
What is the focus of health promotion?
a) Preventing all types of diseases.
b) Increasing well-being and self-actualization.
c) Eliminating the need for medical care.
d) Focusing solely on mental health.
B
138
What does disease prevention aim to do?
a) Cure existing diseases immediately.
b) Increase the need for medical treatments.
c) Avoid or forestall illness or disease.
d) Encourage unhealthy lifestyle choices.
C
139
Which type of prevention occurs before symptoms appear?
a) Secondary Prevention.
b) Primary Prevention.
c) Tertiary Prevention.
d) Quaternary Prevention.
B
140
What is an example of primary prevention?
a) Pap test.
b) Cardiac rehabilitation.
c) Prostate check.
d) Immunization.
D
141
What is the main goal of secondary prevention?
a) Promote early detection of disease.
b) Avoiding all illnesses.
c) Rehabilitating patients after illness.
d) Maximizing wellness and health.
A
142
An example of tertiary prevention is:
a) Regular health check-ups.
b) Participating in health education programs.
c) Getting vaccinated against the flu.
d) Cardiac rehabilitation after a myocardial infarction.
D
143
What does the Ottawa Charter's strategy of 'Build Healthy Public Policy' focus on?
a) Implementing policies that promote health.
b) Cutting healthcare budgets.
c) Restricting access to healthcare services.
d) Encouraging unhealthy behaviors.
A
144
Creating supportive environments aims to:
a) Limit access to healthy food options.
b) Create more barriers to health access.
c) Promote unhealthy living conditions.
d) Encourage healthy choices and support health.
D
145
Strengthening community action involves:
a) Isolating individuals from health programs.
b) Discouraging public health involvement.
c) Implementing only top-down health strategies
d) Engaging communities in health initiatives.
D
146
Developing personal skills refers to:
a) Reducing access to health education.
b) Promoting unhealthy behaviors among youth.
c) Enhancing capabilities to manage health.
d) Focusing solely on technical medical training.
C
147
Reorienting health services emphasizes:
a) Minimizing preventive health measures.
b) Focusing exclusively on disease treatment.
c) A holistic approach to health promotion.
d) Disregarding patient education.
C
148
Who discussed the structural determinants that influence health outcomes?
a) Greenwood et al. (2018).
b) Smith and Johnson (2019).
c) Brooks et al. (2020).
d) Taylor and Murphy (2017).
A
149
What is a key period for healthy childhood development?
a) From birth to six months.
b) During adolescence only.
c) From conception to adolescence.
d) From birth to adulthood.
C
150
What defines toxic stress?
a) Normal stress during daily activities.
b) Excessive activation of stress response systems.
c) Temporary anxiety from exams.
d) Lack of motivation and energy.
B
151
Which of the following is a cause of toxic stress?
a) Poverty.
b) Access to quality education.
c) Nurturing parental relationships.
d) Healthy nutrition practices.
A
152
What are potential consequences of toxic stress?
a) Enhanced problem-solving skills.
b) Improved social interaction.
c) Increased physical resilience.
d) Permanent effects on brain development.
D
153
How does early childhood education impact future health?
a) It has little effect on health.
b) It strongly influences future health outcomes.
c) It only impacts academic performance.
d) It improves physical stamina exclusively.
B
154
How do housing conditions affect health?
a) Directly and indirectly through other determinants.
b) Only through economic factors.
c) They do not affect health.
d) Only by promoting exercise opportunities.
A
155
What is a consequence of high housing costs?
a) Increased likelihood of social activities.
b) Depletion of resources for essential needs.
c) Improvement in overall health.
d) Higher food quality availability.
B
156
What impact does homelessness have?
a) Significant negative impact on health.
b) Has little effect on personal health.
c) Improves community health resources.
d) Ensures better educational opportunities.
A
157
How does food security influence health?
a) It has a minimal impact.
b) It only affects mental health.
c) It does not relate to nutritional choices.
d) It greatly influences overall health.
D
158
Why are smoke-free environments important?
a) They are crucial for health.
b) They reduce noise pollution.
c) They enhance recreational opportunities.
d) They limit food choices.
A
159
How can contamination affect health?
a) It can adversely affect health.
b) It has no significant effect.
c) It enhances physical wellness.
d) It fosters community bonding.
A
160
What role do strong social relationships play in health?
a) They only affect academic success.
b) They are critical in determining health outcomes.
c) They do not influence health.
d) They mainly affect financial stability.
B
161
What are some consequences of social isolation?
a) Decreased productivity and motivation.
b) Increased stress and higher rates of depression.
c) Stronger social bonds.
d) Improved mental clarity.
B
162
What can increase vulnerability in individuals?
a) Having supportive relationships.
b) Social isolation.
c) Being actively engaged socially.
d) Participating in community events.
B
163
What are risk behaviors influenced by social isolation?
a) Greater engagement in community service.
b) Stronger adherence to health guidelines.
c) Improved physical fitness levels.
d) Increased risk behaviors.
D
164
How does the accessibility of health services differ in urban areas compared to rural
areas?
a) Urban areas have more health services.
b) Rural areas have better health services overall.
c) Accessibility is the same in both areas.
d) Accessibility varies significantly, affecting service availability.
D
165
What is a key difference between public and private health services?
a) They provide identical types of services.
b) Public services are always less expensive.
c) Private services are exclusively for wealthy individuals.
d) They offer different types of services and accessibility.
D
166
What defines primary care in health services?
a) It’s specialized care provided in hospitals.
b) It's long-term care for chronic patients.
c) It includes only emergency services.
d) It's the first point of contact for individuals.
D
167
What type of care is delivered at home?
a) Emergency care only.
b) Home care services for chronic conditions.
c) Hospital care for acute illnesses.
d) Public health services promoting community wellness.
B
168
What does long-term care focus on?
a) Immediate treatment for acute conditions.
b) One-time health assessments.
c) Preventive services for populations.
d) Assisting individuals over an extended period.
D
169
What is the main focus of public health?
a) Immediate medical care for individuals.
b) Management of private health clinics.
c) Long-term hospital care solutions.
d) Health of populations emphasizing prevention.
D
170
How does the expertise of healthcare providers influence service quality?
a) Expertise has no impact on quality.
b) Higher skill levels improve care quality.
c) More experience decreases care quality.
d) Only technology affects service quality.
B
171
Why are wait times important in health services?
a) They impact accessibility and patient satisfaction.
b) They determine the cost of services.
c) They affect the qualifications of staff.
d) They're irrelevant in determining service quality.
A
172
What type of health services cover eye and ear conditions?
a) Emergency medical services.
b) Vision and hearing services.
c) Long-term chronic care services.
d) Psychological counseling services.
B
173
Which health services are crucial for overall health?
a) Dental services for oral health.
b) Telehealth services for minor illnesses.
c) Public health campaigns only.
d) Fitness training programs.
A
174
What role do biological and genetic factors play in health?
a) They are the only determinants of health.
b) They cannot be influenced by choices.
c) They are irrelevant in health care access.
d) They can be influenced by various determinants.
D
175
Which biological factor cannot be changed regarding health?
a) Biological sex/gender affects health outcomes.
b) Dietary choices influence health more.
c) Living environment is the primary factor.
d) Health is solely about lifestyle choices.
A
176
How does age act as a determinant of health?
a) It has no relation to health outcomes.
b) Younger people have worse health access.
c) Age affects treatment costs only.
d) It significantly impacts health status and access.
D
177
What health issues are unique to female reproductive health?
a) Prostate conditions.
b) Heart diseases affecting both genders equally.
c) Muscle injuries from sports.
d) Pregnancy-related health complications.
D
178
Which condition affects male reproductive health specifically?
a) Menstrual health complications.
b) Breast cancer prevalence.
c) Prostate health issues.
d) Urinary tract infections.
C
179
How do gender-based social roles impact health?
a) They influence health behaviors and choices.
b) They have no impact on health outcomes.
c) They determine genetic predisposition.
d) They change the biological sex of individuals.
A
