week 4: identity

Question 1

three aspects/categories of identity

Answer 1

• personal (adjectives/personality)
• social (gender, nationality)
• relational (mother/daughter)

Question 2

Eckert: Detroit’s adolescents

Answer 2

• two main categories: jocks (social identity in the school) and burnouts (social identity outside school)

Question 3

William Labov social class study

Answer 3

• the way people pronounce /r/ depending on class
• lang is indicative of where we come from
• found: phonological features of english correlate w social class (working class people pronounce the /r/ in NYC whereas upper class do not)
• 60% of ppl used the r in saks, 50% for maceys, and 20% in S klein

Question 4

languages vs languaging

Answer 4

• lang as social index: lang variation is a fixed index of identity, standards, universal grammar
• lang as practice: social sturcture changes, identities shift, meaning is constructed, conventionalizing is cont.

Question 5

community of practice

Answer 5

• aggregation of ppl who come together on reg babsis and engage in an enterprise
• from this, we dev ways of doing things, incl. speaking and engage in joint practice
• lang can express the community we belong to

Question 6

bricolage

Answer 6

• recombine old knowledge/resources to create smth new

Question 7

social meaning

Answer 7

• set of attitudes/stances, socio-psych features and stereotypes that linguistic forms index abt speakers who typically use them

Question 8

identity vs identity confusion

Answer 8

• erik erikson
• period where humans have to solve problem of finding identity (good outcome)
• some dont find identity and thus experience identity confusion
• explore>commit

Question 9

teen language practice

Answer 9

• we dont just grow, identity is formed
• innovative (evaluative, intensifiers, labels, slang)
• collaborative narratives

Question 10

what main aspects of identity are formed in adolescence

Answer 10

uniqueness, belonging, aspirations

Question 11

deficiency vs proficiency driven for code switching

Answer 11

• deficiency: unable to do smth (ie cannot think of word in second lang)
• proficiency: able to do it very well (ie for belonging, secrets etc)

Question 12

code switching

Answer 12

• practice of mixing two or more languages in a sentence or across stretch of speech
• can be deficiency driven or proficiency driven (expressivity, secrets, beloning)
• switching dialects, registers, styles in response to context

Question 13

digital finger prints

Answer 13

• subtle patterns of word usage may reveal intentions, emotions, desires, and personality

Question 14

LIWC

Answer 14

• linguistic inquiry and word count
• use human coders to categorize words in terms of their meaning
• create system that lets us use categories to quantify text in various ways

Question 15

content vs style assessment of lang

Answer 15

• content: analyzing semantically, using nouns adjectives verbs adverbs to analyze what is being talked about, what is the sentiment (pos/negative, reasoning, indication of thinking etc), topic dependent (how you feel)
• style: pattern of usage of function (pronouns, articles, conjuctions) that make up grammatical structure of utterances

Question 16

what lang assessment is a stable measure of psychoanalysis and psychometric properties

Answer 16

style

Question 16

gender speech

Answer 16

• women: more hesitant than men
• used content vs style analysis
• use of pronoun and conjunctions is more discriminating between gender speech and content analysis

Question 17

lang style

Answer 17

developed by participating in communities of languages to solve problems, adopt values for what is important etc, source of values