Week 4 Integument

Question 1

Epidermis

Answer 1

Derived from ectodermal
Mostly stratified

Question 2

Dermis

Answer 2

Connective tissue Derived from mesoderm
Has collagen fibers that form plies

Question 3

Hyperdermis

Answer 3

Aerolar tissue derived from the mesoderm that connects integument to muscle or bone

Question 4

What is desquamation

Answer 4

When cells on the outer most layer are sloughed off

Question 5

Keratinocytes

Answer 5

Produce keratin which is a fibrous protein that makes substances hard

Question 6

Melanocytes

Answer 6

Produce melanin

Question 7

Chromatophores

Answer 7

Produce pigments and can reflect light
Usually in non mammalian species

Question 8

Dendritic cells

Answer 8

Activate the immune system

Question 9

Sensory cells

Answer 9

Sensory receptors

Question 10

Stratum basale

Answer 10

Basal cells that are responsible for mitosis

Question 11

Stratum spinosum

Answer 11

Keratin layer of dying cells

Question 12

Stratum granulosum

Answer 12

Layer of pigmented dying cells
Full of lamelli granules

Question 13

Stratum Lucidum

Answer 13

Layer of dead cells that are present in thick skin areas of mammals

Question 14

Stratum corneum

Answer 14

Superficial layer of dead keratinized cells

Question 15

Amphioxus integument

Answer 15

Epidermis is simple columnar
Dermis is loose areolar connective tissue that also acts as the hypodermis

Question 16

Agnathan integument

Answer 16

Epidermis is stratified columnar and contains the mucous cells, thread cells, and club cells
Dermis is dense regular connective tissue

Question 17

What are mucous cells

Answer 17

Produce a large amount of mucous and release via holocrine secretion

Question 18

What are thread cells

Answer 18

Produce intermediate filament that increase the viscosity of the mucous

Question 19

What are club cells

Answer 19

Hold and release poison

Question 20

Chondrichthyans

Answer 20

Have a thin stratified squamous and cuboidal epidermis
Have dermal scales called placoid cells that pierce through the epidermis

Question 21

In chondrichthyans what two layers is the dermis broken into and what do they form

Answer 21

The stratum laxum and the stratum compactum which form plies

Question 22

Osteichthyes

Answer 22

Epidermis is stratified cuboidal with a basal layer and Contains club cells and keratinocytes
Dermis is loose connective tissue superficially and dense connective tissue deeply that contains chromatophores and dermal scales

Question 23

What are the different scale types in osteichthyes

Answer 23

Ganoid which is dermal bone of the thick enamel, has no Dentin and overlaps
Cycloid which which is dermal bone with no enamel or dentin and is made of concentric rings
Ctenoid which is dermal bone with no enamel or dentin and has posterior fringe projections

Question 24

Amphibian integument

Answer 24

Stratified epidermis that has the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and stratum corneum
Contains multicellular epidermal glands that contain poison and mucous
Dermis is fibrous connective tissue

Question 25

Mammal integument

Answer 25

It’s dermal papillary layer forms friction ridges
Epidermis is stratified and layered
Layered dermis that contains a papillary and reticular layer

Question 26

What is absent and what is present in mammal integument and why is that important

Answer 26

Plies are absent
Collagen fibers are present and arranged into Langer lines which are important in scarring (going against the line increases chance of scarring)

Question 27

Horns

Answer 27

When the skin produces a cornified sheath over a bony core

Question 28

Antlers

Answer 28

Skin produces velvet that dies once the antler is produced

Question 29

Reptilian integument

Answer 29

Large keratinization of epidermis
Scales are the folds of the epidermis with a junction called the hinge between the scales

Question 30

Ave integument

Answer 30

Epidermis is stratum basale and stratum corneum
The stratum corneum is keratinized into scales and feathers