Week 4 Lecture 4b - Eating Disorders (112:50) (DN) Flashcards Preview

A pattern of eating behaviours which:  

• Maintains normal weight
• Ensures adequate nutrition
• Conforms with cultural/religious requirements
• Enjoyable

1:14:50

• Constant “dieting”
• Morbid Obesity
• Anorexia nervosa
• Bulimia nervosa
• Binge Eating Disorder

• Eating disorders are not secondary to other disorders, they are primary disorders

• one of most common disorders in western world
• alongside depression & anxiety
• one of the most common to result in death of a patient

• pika - eating odd things
• rumination - eating, vomiting & re-eating it

1:18ish

• Restriction of energy intake relative to requirements, leading to significantly low body weight (for age, sex, etc)

• Intense fear of gaining weight or of becoming fat, or persistent behaviour that interferes with weight gain.

• Disturbance in the way one’s body weight or shape is experienced.

slide7

1:18:50

• Restricting Type
  • Not regularly engaged in binge eating or purging behaviours
• Purging Type
  • Regularly engaged in binge eating and purging behaviours.

slide7

120:30ish

• Body Mass Index (BMI)

121:40

1. Current
2. Ideal
3. Attractive (what they think is attractive)
4. Other Attractive (what others think is attractive)

High on Distorted Attitude 

• High: the criteria are spread out
  • i.e., the difference between current & ideal weight is greater
• Low: the criteria are more clumped together
  • i.e., the difference between current & ideal weight is much closer

• No real gender difference between ideal distortions
• Men tend to overestimate their current weight

• Basal rates slow significantly
  • Blood Pressure  & Heart Rate 
• Kidney and Gastro-Intestinal problems
• Bone mass reduced significantly
• Skin dries out
• Neurological impairments
• Reduction of important electrolytes (e.g. Na+, K+) (dangerous)
  • can develop cardiac arythmia
• Endorphins may be released (may act as reinforcers for disordered behaviours in relation to eating)
• Tiredness, fatigue, cognitively impaired
• May lead to death
  • because of extreme physical changes

123:10

• Patient is no longer rational
• Personality changes

124:10

• Typically a disease of young female adolescents (90%).
• May start off as
  • extreme & rigid dietary control
  • obsession with
    • food
    • weight gain
• some of these people will remit from these early behaviours & others will develop an eating disorder

124:30

• Approx. 70% recover to some extent
  • takes about 5 – 7 years.
  • not treatable overnight - recovery takes a long time
  • typically only 20% will show remission within first year
• 10-20% will never recover, may remit & then fall back into disorder
• Death rate – from physical complications and suicide is high
  • 1 - 8% death rate (too high)
  • 3rd most common cause of death

1:26

• Rare disease – 1% or less of the population
  • (but 3rd most common disease in young girls)

• Depression
• Anxiety

• Obsessive Compulsive Disorders
• Phobias

125:25

• Anorexia can develop into Bulimia
  • but rarely the other way around

1:27

• 1. Recurrent episodes of binge eating
  • In 2 hours food intake > normal
  • Lack of control over eating during the period
• 2. Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviour to prevent weight gain.
  • Vomiting/laxatives/diuretics/excessive exercise

• 3. Symptoms at least once a week for 3 months

• 4. Self evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight.

• 5. The disturbance does not occur exclusively during periods of Anorexia Nervosa. 

slide11

1:27:10

• People suffering from Bulimia are usually of 'normal' weight

slide11

• they are not restricting their calories
  • they take in too many calories & then purge
• whereas anorexia (severe calorie restriction)

128:00

• Typically found in older adolescents/ young women.
  • 90% of cases are female
  • Low incidence : 1-2% of the population

slide12

1:29:15

• similar to Anorexia
• rigid control of diet & fear of gaining weight
  • very aware of intake
  • may meet criteria for Anorexia early on
  • but then bingeing/purging behaviour kicks in & end up moving into Bulimia

129:50