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Periodontology > Week 4: Microbiology & Immunology > Flashcards

Week 4: Microbiology & Immunology Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

non-pathogenic bacteria that live in harmony with host

A

commensal, innocuous (“innocent”) bacteria

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2
Q

removal forces of bacteria

A

swallowing, mastication, blowing nose, wash-out effect by saliva, cilia motion

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3
Q

six major ecosystems

A
  1. intraoral hard surfaces (teeth, implants, etc.)
  2. subgingival tissue next to hard tissue
  3. oral mucosa surfaces
  4. tongue?
  5. throat?
  6. saliva
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4
Q

soft tissues are ___ sites

A

shedding

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5
Q

shedding sites are ___ biomass sites

A

low

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6
Q

teeth are ____ sites

A

non-shedding

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7
Q

non-shedding sites are ____ biomass sites

A

high biomass

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8
Q

T/F, edentulous persons are immune to bacterial infections

A

false, they are still susceptible

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9
Q

tongue is ____ for gram negative species

A

favorable

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10
Q

saliva is ___% water, protective in nature, and washes away ___ cells include ___ bacteria transmission

A

98%, shed, planktonic

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11
Q

free-floating bacteria in salvia suspension

A

planktonic

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12
Q

true or false? periodontal pocket provides accommodating environment for bacterial survival

A

true

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13
Q

thick, single celled wall

A

gram positive

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14
Q

bacteria that stains purple/blue

A

gram positive

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15
Q

double celled wall

A

gram negative

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16
Q

bacteria that stains red

A

gram negative

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17
Q

probiotic bacteria for colon cancer prevention

A

roseburia

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18
Q

bacteria found in fermented foods

A

bifidobacterium bifidum

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19
Q

bacteria found in fermented foods, helps prevent infections and disorders

A

lactobacillus acidophilus

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20
Q

is lactobacillus acidophilus gram positive or gram negative?

A

gram positive

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21
Q

is bifidobacterium bifidum gram positive or gram negative?

A

gram positive

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22
Q

is aggregatibacter actinomyectemcomitans (A. a) gram positive or gram negative?

A

gram negative

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23
Q

bacteria harmful in periodontitis prevention

A

aggregatibacter actinomyectemcomitans

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24
Q

which bacteria are more susceptible to antibiotics?

A

gram positive (they do not block)

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25
which bacteria have a higher peptidoglycan component?
gram positive
26
gram negative have a higher ___ content, making them less permeable
lipid
27
cell surface appendages that adhere cell-cell or cell-surface
fimbriae (pili)
28
cell surface appendages used for movement
flagella
29
gram positive - _______ - break down complex organic compounds (____) to ____ ___ for energy/growth
- fermentable | - sugar to lactic acid
30
gram negative - ______ - use ___ for energy/growth
- nonfermentable | - proteins
31
attached bacteria make up more than ___% of all bacteria
99%
32
free-floating bacteria
planktonic bacteria
33
a well-organized community of bacteria that... 1. adheres to surfaces 2. is embedded in an extracellular slime layer
biofilm
34
biofilms exist everywhere in nature, on any solid surface that is exposed to _________
bacteria-containing fluid
35
true/false, biofilm can accumulate on dentures, bridges, implants, etc.
true, they can!
36
biofilms forms a ___, mushroom-shape microcolonies
sessile
37
true/false, chemical signals exist to communication between bacterial microcolonies
true, they do
38
bacteria communicate with each via...
quorum sensing
39
process of plaque formation
1. formation of pellicle 2. initial adhesion/attachment of bacteria 3. colonization/maturation
40
salivary glycoproteins (mucins) adhered to tooth surface
acquired pellicle
41
thin base of acquired pellicle = ____ to remove; thicker is ____ to remove
difficult, easier
42
first bacteria to attach
streptococcus, actinomyces
43
as bacteria shifts subgingival, bacteria becomes ___ ____
gram negative
44
key WBCs
polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs)
45
is the extracellular slime layer aerobic or anaerobic?
both
46
is the EC slime layer resistant or nonresistant to antibiotics/antimicrobials?
it is resistant, needs to be physically remove
47
an increase of ____x concentration to kill bacteria in EC slime layer, which is ___
500-5,000x, unsafe
48
t/f, the EC slime layer is responsive to the body's defense system
false, it is not. EC slime layer needs to be physically removed
49
functions of EC slime layer
1. protects biofilm from host response 2. protects form antibiotics 3. protects anaerobic/aerobic bacteria 4. holds bacterial colonies
50
microcolony formation is _____ _____
secondary colonization
51
bacteria become more static in the _______ state
mushroom-shaped
52
corn cob appearance of plaque occurs at __ weeks
three
53
floss, rinse, mouthwash cannot reach beyond __ mm pockets
4mm pockets
54
3 zones of subgingival plaque
1. tooth-attached plaque 2. epithelial-attached plaque 3. unattached plaque
55
there are variations in _____ formation in growth due to ___, ___, ____, ____
variations; diet, smoking, salivary flow, oral hygiene
56
variations in dentition such as ___, ____, ____
mandible, molars, interproximal
57
timeline of periodontitis bacteria
increase in plaque, inflammation, increase in GCF, increase in plaque
58
GCF stands for ______ and is a marker for ____-
gingival crevicular fluid; periodontitis
59
bacterial virulence factors
1. ability to invade tissues 2. endotoxins 3. bacterial enzymes
60
two types of endotoxins
leukotoxins, lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
61
component of cell walls of gram negative bacteria, released at cell death
lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
62
bacteria proportions associated with health
75-80% gram positive, most nonmotile, streptococcus mutans dominated
63
bacteria proportions with gingivitis
50/50 gram positive and gram negative, more actinomyces-dominated
64
bacteria associated with periodontitis
high proportion of gram-negative, non-motile
65
4 types of periodontitis bacteria
A. a.; fusobacterium nucleatum; T. forsynthus; porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)
66
bacteria associated with aggressive periodontitis, makes star shape on agar plate
actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)
67
bacteria found in early stages of periodontitis, present subgingivally, capable of early inflammatory
fusobacterium nucleatum
68
bacteria most important risk factors for aggressive periodontitis, found deep subgingival in deep periopockets
tannerella bacteroides
69
bacteria associated with periodontitis, capable of destroying bone & entering junctional epithelium, can be found in aggressive and states of health
porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)
70
key transmission of periodontal pathogens
kissing

Periodontology (9 decks)

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