Week 4 RF-Effective learning strategies for students Flashcards
Why develop a new measure?
-MSLQ (motivator strategies for learning questionnaire) used for 26 years, range of countries and environments (Credé & Phillips, 2011).
-Poor discriminant value especially in online environments (Cho & Summers, 2012). (developed in the nineties so things have changed e.g., technology).
-Number of questionnaires leads to survey fatigue, but research shows a core of willing respondents. (Porter, Whitcomb, & Weitzer, 2004).
-Good use of technology enhances the learning experience (Dean & Lima, 2017).
Give Examples of difficult MSLQ questions
motivated strategy for learning questionnaire
- Example question 1: I ask the instructor to clarify concepts I don’t understand well
- Example question 2: If I can, I want to get better grades in this class than most of the other students.
- Example question 3: I attend class regularly. (used to be important to be physically there now it matters less).
What was the process in DSML (Diverse strategies motivation in learning) development?
- Students completed MSLQ
- Several questions missed/poor relation to grade.
- Questions reworded and tested using panel of experts (3 rounds)
Developed Draft Measure : 65 items
48 items taken/adapted from MSLQ on subscales such as task value and effort regulation.
17 new questions covering use of digital
materials, belief in strategies, and
procrastination
Validation of New measure : 6 factors- 24 Questions that captured the essence of students learning
3 questions unchanged from the original MSLQ
14 questions re-worded from original
7 New questions
What are the DSML sub-scales?
- Self efficacy – 4 items
- Self-regulation – 7 items
- Study approach – 3 items
- Test anxiety – 4 items
- Course utility (how useful you think it is) - 3 items
- Source diversity (looking at things in different ways) - 3 items
-Only the self-regulation subscale has been tested independently.
-This showed that students with high levels of self-regulation were more likely to cope better with the move to emergency remote teaching. (Limniou et al., 2020)
What are 6 beneficial learning strategies?
- Retrieval practice
- Elaboration
- Concrete examples
- Interleaving
- Spaced practice
6.Dual coding
What are some less effective learning strategies?
- Time pressures – we have left it until the last minute to study
- Habit – We believe this strategy worked in the past
- Fluency illusions – we think we’re learning something better than we are
What is Spacing? (Kerfoot et al., 2007)
-Plan regular points to study across your course. Revisit information several times.
-As quickly as you learn information, you will then also forget it
- Set aside a bit of time every day
- Review information from each
- Go back and study important older information
- Future learning depends on previous learning
What is Interleaving? Rohrer (2012)
- What if… something from topic 3 could help you understand topic 1?
- Helps fluency in Language learning
- Works best if you study different types of problems within the same area
- Review in a different order than you learned them
- Aids finding links between concepts
What is Elaboration? (Willoughby & Wood, 1994)
- Just copying information makes you less likely to recall or understand it later.
- Makes connections between multiple ideas (compare and contrast ideas)
- Integrates new ideas with what you already know
- Rephrasing information in your own words aids understanding.
What are multiple inputs? Lee (2007)
- Dual coding, (using two types of information, e.g. words and pictures)
- Having the information in two formats
helps you learn better, because your brain processes information types differently. - Helps with learning languages too!
What are concrete examples? (Paivio et al., 1994)
- Abstract examples can be vague and hard to grasp
- Real-world examples help fix the ideas in your mind
- Examples can help us transfer ideas to novel situations
- Increases understanding of concepts
What is Self-testing and retrieval practise? (Roediger & Karpicke, 2006)
Writing and taking your own tests helps you:
* Become familiar with the material
* Identify gaps in your knowledge
* Reinforces what you’ve learnt
* Recall more in the Test.
