Week 4 (Tissues, Integumentary)

Question 1

Compare and contrast epithelial and connective tissue

Question 2

Name the twelve (12) organ systems of the body and outline the major function of each

Question 3

Identify the body cavity location of the major internal organs (viscera)

Question 4

Name the serous membranes (serosa) lining the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Answer 4

• thoracic cavity:The pleura is the serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs
• abdominal cavity: The peritoneum is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the abdominal organs.

Question 5

Describe the composition of the dermis

Answer 5

The dermis lies beneath the epidermis and provides structural support, elasticity, and nourishment to the skin.

Papillary Dermis: The superficial layer of the dermis, characterized by finger-like projections called dermal papillae. It contains blood vessels, nerve endings, and Meissner’s corpuscles (touch receptors

Reticular Dermis: The deeper and thicker layer of the dermis, composed of dense irregular connective tissue. It provides structural support and houses structures such as sweat glands, hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and Pacinian corpuscles (pressure receptors).

Question 6

Describe the composition of the epidermis

Answer 6

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, serving as a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and water loss.

Stratum Corneum: The outermost layer consisting of dead, keratinized cells that continuously slough off. It provides protection against abrasion and forms the skin’s barrier.

Stratum Lucidum: Present only in thick skin (e.g., palms and soles), this layer consists of translucent cells with no nuclei and provides additional protection.

Stratum Granulosum: Composed of keratinocytes undergoing keratinization (the process of filling with keratin and dying), this layer helps waterproof the skin.

Stratum Spinosum: Keratinocytes in this layer have a spiny appearance due to cell-to-cell junctions called desmosomes. It provides strength and support to the epidermis.

Stratum Basale (or Stratum Germinativum): The deepest layer of the epidermis, where keratinocytes undergo rapid division to replenish the cells of the upper layers. Melanocytes, which produce the pigment melanin, are also found here, providing protection against UV radiation.

Question 7

Name the organ interactions involved in the formation of Vitamin D

Answer 7

vitamin D involves interactions between the skin, liver, and kidneys.

Question 8

Describe the distribution and roles of the cutaneous glands

Question 9

Discuss the role of the integumentary system in maintaining homeostasis

Question 10

Relate the structure and function of the integumentary system to a range of nursing actions

Question 11

Give an example location for each of the following tissues:

Simple Squamous

Answer 11

• Lungs (diffusion)

Question 12

Give an example location for each of the following tissues:

Simple Cuboidal

Answer 12

• Kidneys (absorption)

Question 13

Give an example location for each of the following tissues:

Simple Columnar

Answer 13

• Stomach (secretion)

Question 14

Give an example location for each of the following tissues:

Stratified Squamous

Answer 14

• Protection from Skin abrasion

Question 15

Epithelial tissue is classified by :

Answer 15

• The number of cell layers
• Theshape of the cells

Question 16

Simple epithelial have …. layer of cells

Answer 16

• One

Question 17

Stratified epithelium has …. layers of cells

Answer 17

• many

Question 18

….. epithelium has cells that are flattened like fish scales

Answer 18

• Squamous

Question 19

….epithelium has cells that are cube shaped

Answer 19

• Cuboidal

Question 20

…..epithelium has cells that are column shaped

Answer 20

• Columnar

Question 21

Name the 5 main connective tissue types found in the body

Answer 21

• loose e.g areolar, adipose
• dense e.g regular and irregular
• bone
• cartilage
• blood

Question 22

what anatomy and physiology of the hypodermic facilities it used as an injection site?

Answer 22

• no nerve endings (pain free)
• adipose (slow absorption)
• vascular ( continuous absorption
• 0.5-1.0ml
• not for irritating medications

Question 23

what anatomy and physiology of the skin facilities the regulation of the body temperature

Answer 23

• vasoconstriction (conserve heat)
• vasodilation (lose heat through evaporation of sweat)

Question 24

how would pulling the bed clothes over a patient with a raised body temperature 9pyrexia) interfere with this regulatory mechanism?

Answer 24

• reduce heat loss
• temperature may rise further

Question 25

for transdermal medications to be absorbed through the skin must they be water or fat soluble? what implication does this have to the administering nurse?

Answer 25

- fat- soluble - will also absorb through nurses skin

Question 26

What is the glandular epithelium?

Answer 26

One or more cells that SECRETE a product - Endocrine gland Secretions (hormones) diffuse into blood - Exocrine gland Secretions empty into ducts out to surface Milk, sweat, sebum, wax

Question 27

Match the term to each statement epidermis

Answer 27

- avascular region

Question 28

Match the term to each statement Stratum Corneum

Answer 28

dead cells

Question 29

Match the term to each statement keratinocytes

Answer 29

produces keratin

Question 30

Match the term to each statement desmosomes

Answer 30

connects keratinocytes

Question 31

Match the term to each statement keratin

Answer 31

protein fibre making epidermis tough

Question 32

Match the term to each statement stratum granulosum

Answer 32

waterproofing layer of epidermis

Question 33

Match the term to each statement stratum basale

Answer 33

contains epidermal stem cells

Question 34

Match the term to each statement melanocyte

Answer 34

produce melanin

Question 35

Match the term to each statement dendritic

Answer 35

phagocytic cells in epidermis

Question 36

Match the term to each statement collagen

Answer 36

protein fibre making dermis tough

Question 37

Match the term to each statement papillary

Answer 37

superficial dermis layer (loose connective)

Question 38

Match the term to each statement reticular

Answer 38

major skin area (dense connective tissue, vascular)

Question 39

Identify the main region where each of the following abdominal organs are located Liver

Answer 39

right hypochondriac

Question 40

Identify the main region where each of the following abdominal organs are located Stomach

Answer 40

left hypochondriac

Question 41

Identify the main region where each of the following abdominal organs are located Appendix

Answer 41

right inguinal, hypogastric

Question 42

Identify the main region where each of the following abdominal organs are located Descending colon

Answer 42

left lumbar

Question 43

what organs in each cavity cranial

Answer 43

brain - dorsal

Question 44

what organs in each cavity vertebral

Answer 44

- dorsal - spindal cord

Question 45

what organs in each cavity thoracic

Answer 45

- heart and lungs - ventral

Question 46

what organs in each cavity abdominal

Answer 46

- ventral - digestive viscera

Question 47

what organs in each cavity cranial