Week 6 (Blood and Vessels)

Question 1

Differentiate between plasma, platelets, red and white blood cells

Answer 1

• Plasma flows through the bloodstream, transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste.
• Platelets rush to wounds, forming clots and aiding in healing.
• Red blood cells ferry oxygen throughout the body, sustaining life.
• White blood cells vigilantly defend against invaders, maintaining immunity.

Question 2

Outline the mechanism of erythropoiesis

Question 3

Describe the relationship between blood composition, viscosity, volume and pressure

Question 4

Define haemostasis and outline the processes involved

Question 5

Describe the basis of human blood types (groups)

Question 6

Contrast and compare the structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins

Question 7

Name the major arteries of the body and the organs they serve

Question 8

Discuss the role of the blood and blood vessels in maintaining homeostasis

Question 9

Relate the structure and function of the cardiovascular system to a range of nursing actions

Question 10

Name of formed element

Life spam:
Function:

Erythrocyte

Answer 10

life span: 120 days
- transport oxygen

Question 11

Match the word to the statements

primary water, non-cellular, fluid matrix of blood (55%)

Answer 11

• plasma

Question 12

Match the word to the statements

Red blood cells, megakaryocytes, white blood cells and platelets are all …… and make up 45% of the blood

Answer 12

formed elements

Question 13

Match the word to the statements

granulocytes …..

Answer 13

• neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 14

Name of formed element

Life span:
Function:

Neutrophil
(60-70)

Answer 14

Life span: 6 hours to few days
Function: phagocytosis

Question 15

Name of formed element

Life span:
Function:

Basophil (1%)

Answer 15

Life spam: hours to days
Function: granules with histamine and heparin

Question 16

Name of formed element

Life span:
Function:

Eosinophil
(2-4%)

Answer 16

Life span: 8-12 days
Function: large pathogens (worms). destoraygs antigen-antibody complexes. allergy

Question 17

Name of formed element

Life span:
Function:

Lymphocyte

Answer 17

Life span: hours to decades
Function: immune response

Question 18

Name of formed element

Life span:
Function:

monocytes (3-8%)

Answer 18

Life span: months
Function: develop into macrophages

Question 19

Name of formed element

Life span:
Function:

Platelets

Answer 19

Life span: 5-6 days
Function: platelet plug

Question 20

Match the word to the statements

agranular leukocytes….

Answer 20

• lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 21

Match the word to the statements

most numerous leukocyte

Answer 21

neutrophils

Question 22

Match the word to the statements

derived from a monocyte

Answer 22

macrophage

Question 23

Match the word to the statements

immune response

Answer 23

lymphocyte

Question 24

Match the word to the statements

contains haemoglobin

Answer 24

erythrocyte

Question 25

Match the word to the statements stimulates "making" of erythrocytes

Answer 25

erythropoietin

Question 26

Match the word to the statements forms a temporary plug to stop bleeding

Answer 26

platelets

Question 27

Blood Type O antigen membrane and antibodies in plasma

Answer 27

Antigen: Neither Antibodies: A and B

Question 28

why might patients suffering from kidney disease be anaemic

Answer 28

less erythropoietin

Question 29

Blood Type A antigen membrane and antibodies in plasma

Answer 29

Antigen: A Plasma: B

Question 30

Blood Type B antigen membrane and antibodies in plasma

Answer 30

Antigen: B Plasma: A

Question 31

Blood Type AB antigen membrane and antibodies in plasma

Answer 31

Antigen: AB Plasma: Neither

Question 32

O ( No A or B antigen) DONATED Antigen in RECIPIENT plama. O A B AB (no A or B antibody)

Answer 32

O = yes A = yes B = yes AB = no

Question 33

AB ( A or B antigen) DONATED Antigen in RECIPIENT plama. O A B AB (no A or B antibody)

Answer 33

O = no A = no B = no AB = yes

Question 34

Why is blood type O often described as the universal donor?

Answer 34

No A or B antigen on RCB to be attacked by A or B antibody in plasma if recipient.

Question 35

A ( A antigen) DONATED Antigen in RECIPIENT plama. O = a and b A B AB (no A or B antibody)

Answer 35

O = no A = yes B = no AB = yes

Question 36

B ( B antigen) DONATED Antigen in RECIPIENT plama. O A B AB (no A or B antibody)

Answer 36

O = no A = no B = yes AB = yes

Question 37

Why blood group AB often described as the universal recipient

Answer 37

Lacks a and b antibodies in plasma (reciepnt) Therefore will not agglutinate incoming donated RBC with A or B antigen

Question 38

Why is it preferable to not give rhesus positive blood to a rhesus negative individual

Answer 38

- First exposure: Rhesus negative individual will form antibodies to Rh antigen on donated RBC - Second exposure: Rhesus negative individuals plasma antigens will agglutinate rhesus positive RBC donated

Question 39

How does the anatomy and physiology of the radius and radial artery facilitate the taking of a radial pulse?

Answer 39

- Radial artery parallel to radius Compress artery against bone allows detection of arterial pressure wave from heart - Muscular tunica media of artery extends pressure wave through arterial circulation

Question 40

Name one mineral and one fat-soluble vitamin that is required for normal blood clotting

Answer 40

- Calcium - Vitamin K (microbiota, greens, grains, meat)

Question 41

Almost Half of our vitamin K is synthesised by our microbial in the colon. How could a prescribed long-term brand-spectrum antibiotic be the cause of frequent nose bleeds?

Answer 41

- Liver uses vitamin K to synthesis four blood clotting factors (blood coagulation)

Question 42

Name the 3 stages of haemostasis

Answer 42

- Vasospam - Platelet plug - Blood coagulation (via fibrin formation)

Question 43

what inflammation of the tunica internal and media reduce or increase the flexibility and lumen size of a blood vessel

Answer 43

- reduce therefore decrease blood flow