Week 5

Question 1

What is hematopoiesis

Answer 1

blood cell production

Question 2

3 types of blood cells

Answer 2

1. erythrocytes
2. leukocytes
3. thrombocytes

Question 3

Monocytes are

Answer 3

phagocytic cells

Question 4

What is hemostasis

Answer 4

blood clotting process

Question 5

Sequence of events in hemostasis

Answer 5

1. vascular injury and subendothelial exposure
2. adhesion
3. activation
4. aggregation
5. platelet plug formation
6. clot retraction and dissolution

Question 6

What is the spleens function

Answer 6

hematopoiesis, filtration, immunologic role, and storage

Question 8

What does hemoglobin do as men age

Answer 8

decreases

Question 9

What is erythrocyte sedimentation rate

Answer 9

measures the sedimentation or settling of RBCs

Question 10

What radiologic studies to test hematology system

Answer 10

CT, PET, MRI

Question 11

What can lumbar punctures determine

Answer 11

cancer cells

Question 12

What is anemia

Answer 12

deficiency in RBCs, quantity of hemoglobin, and hematocrit (volume of packed RBCs)

Question 13

Thalassemia (decreased RBC production)

Answer 13

-inadequate production of normal Hgb

Question 14

What does thalassemia minor require

Answer 14

no tx, body adapts to reduction of Hgb

Question 15

What does thalassemia major require

Answer 15

blood transfusions

Question 16

Megaloblastic anemia

Answer 16

impaired DNA synthesis and presence of large RBCs

Question 17

Macrocytic RBCs

Answer 17

easily destroyed b/c of fragile cell membranes

Question 18

What are 2 common forms of Megaloblastic anemia

Answer 18

1. Cobalamin deficiency
2. Folic acid deficiency

Question 19

Cobalamin deficiency

Answer 19

-often caused by pernicious anemia, resulting in poor cobalamin absorption

Question 20

Folic acid deficiency

Answer 20

-needed for DNA synthesis leading to RBC formation and maturation

Question 21

Aplastic anemia

Answer 21

-peripheral blood pancytopenia (decrease of all blood cell types) and hypocellular bone marrow

Question 22

What to do if aplastic anemia

Answer 22

-removing causative agent
-supportive care
-immune therapies
-bone marrow transplantation

Question 23

Example of chronic blood loss

Answer 23

-bleeding ulcer
-hemorrhoids
-menstrual
-postmenopausal blood loss

Question 24

Goal do sickle cell disease

Answer 24

minimize end target-organ damage

Question 25

Extrinsic causes of hemolysis

Answer 25

1. physical trauma
2. antibodies (immune reactions)
3. infectious agents and toxins

Question 26

Physical destruction of RBCs examples

Answer 26

-travelling past prosthetic heart valves
-going through partially occluded vessels

Question 27

Hemochromatosis

Answer 27

increased intestinal iron absorption, results in increased tissue iron deposition

Question 28

Polycythemia

Answer 28

increased number of RBCs, making blood circulation impaired
-tx: phlebotomy

Question 29

What is thrombocytopenia

Answer 29

reduction of platelets below 150,000

Question 30

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Answer 30

abnormal destruction and reduced production of circulating platelets
-tx: corticosteroids, splenectomy, immunosuppresants

Question 31

Goals for thrombocytopenia

Answer 31

-no gross or occult bleeding
-maintain vascular integrity

Question 32

Hemophilia

Answer 32

-defective or deficient coagulation factor

Question 33

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Answer 33

uncontrollable hemorrhage caused by accelerated clotting which leads to decreased circulating and available clotting factors and platelets

Question 34

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)

Answer 34

a change in quantity and quality of bone marrow elements