Week 5 Flashcards
What are the 4 areas of development in behaviour therapy?
- Classical Conditioning
- Operant Conditioning
- Social-Cognitive Theory
- Cognitive-Behaviour Therapy
What is classical conditioning?
Occurs prior to learning and creates a response through pairing.
Ex) Pavlov dog experience; ringing a bell, bringing food, dog would salivate.. eventually dog would just salivate at the bell without food.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning that involves behaviours that are influenced by consequences.
Example: positive or negative reinforcement, punishment.
What is social-cognitive theory?
Involves a reciprocal interaction between the environment, personal factors, and individual behavior.
Assumes individuals are capable of self-directed behavior.
Self-efficacy: Individuals ability to master a situation and bring about change
7 Key Concepts of Behaviour therapy
- Rooted in scientific principles
- Behaviour can be operationally defined
- Deals with current client problems (not historic)
- Clients assume active role
- Change occurs without examining underlying issues
- Assessment is ongoing throughout treatment
- Interventions are tailored for individual
Describe the goals of behaviour therapy
Client-led, specific measurable, concrete, and can be altered throughout treatment
What is the client experience in behaviour therapy?
active, motivated, often requires homeowrk
What is the therapist’s role in behaviour therapy?
Conduct a functional assessment based on the ABC model (antecedent, behaviour, consequence) and choose best intervention for specific behaviour based on empirical evidence
Describe the client-therapist relationship in behaviour therapy
collaborative; warmth and acceptance are necessary but not enough to create change (contrary to PCT)
What are the operant conditioning techniques?
reinforcement, extinction, and punishment
Positive reinforcement
adding something valued by the individual to increase the targeted behaviour.
Negative reinforcement
when an individual employs a behaviour to avoid an unpleasant condition.
Extinction
withholding reinforcement.
Positive punishment
unpleasant condition added to help behaviour decrease
Negative punishment
reinforcing stimulus is removed in attempt to decrease specific behaviour. Ex) getting your phone taken away
Progressive Muscle Relaxation
One item of behaviour therapy’s bag of tools
- Helps clients cope with stress and achieve mental/muscle relaxation.
- Should be exercised daily.
- Involves specific, taught instructions on tensing and relaxing various muscle groups.
Systemic desensitization
One item of behaviour therapy’s bag of tools
- Clients imagine anxiety-provoking events while simultaneously engaging in behaviour that competes with the anxiety.
- Clients become less sensitive to the anxiety-provoking event.
- Time consuming but effective.
- Works well for clients with severe anxiety and/or phobias.
In vivo exposure and flooding
One item of behaviour therapy’s bag of tools
- Exposure therapy that involves introducing clients to situations that contribute to problems.
- Done under carefully controlled conditions.
- In vivo exposure = live exposure
- Clients engage in brief series of exposures to feared events.
- Flooding
- Similar to above but involves prolonged exposure.
EYE MOVEMENT DESENSITIZATION AND PROCESSING (EMDR)
One item of behaviour therapy’s bag of tools
- Exposure therapy that involves assessment, preparation, flooding, and cognitive restructuring.
- Developed to treat PTSD.
- Helps client with traumatic, unprocessed memories.
- Involves the use of rapid, rhythmic eye movements.
Social Skills Training
One item of behaviour therapy’s bag of tools
- Helps clients develops skills in interpersonal competence.
- Involves assessment, direct instructions, coaching, modeling, roleplaying and homework.
- Example: Anger management training
Self-MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS and SELF-Directed BEHAVIOUR
One item of behaviour therapy’s bag of tools
Therapists sharing their knowledge and skills to help clients develop skills and strategies to deal with their own problems without being dependent on experts.
What is multimodal therapy?
Under umbrella of social-cognitive learning therapy; focuses on specific relationship requirements and strategies for client
Therapist has very active role
What are mindfulness and acceptance-based approached
3rd generation behaviour therapy - considers elements thought of as off limits in behaviour therapy
- mindfulness, acceptance, therapeutic relationship, spirituality, values, emotional expression; beginning of development of COGNITIVE behaviour therapy - seeing how past history and a person’s mind influences behaviou
4 Key Characteristics of Behaviour Therapy
- Session begins with functional/behavioural assessment (ABC)
- Treatment goals clearly defined (empirically based)
- Interventions selected are based on goals
- Evaluations are objectively evaluated
