Week 5

Question 1

biological arousal in the brain that activates hormones

Answer 1

somatic component of emotion

Question 2

the feeling that is accompanied by the interpretation of hormones

Answer 2

cognitive component of emotion

Question 3

How is emotion communicated?

Answer 3

action or expression

Question 4

Why is emotion difficult to define?

Answer 4

it’s a subjective experience, reactionary to events, and intricate

Question 5

What are the two dimensions of emotion?

Answer 5

how valanced or good it feels and how much arousal it triggers

Question 6

What is the two sides of the valance scale?

Answer 6

positively-valanced to negatively-valanced

Question 7

What is the two sides of the arousal scale?

Answer 7

low or high

Question 8

What is the third dimension of arousal that explains complex emotions?

Answer 8

focus on the self or focus on others

Question 9

A perspective of emotion that claims that emotions are purposeful responses that help individuals navigate their environment

Answer 9

functionalist perspective

Question 10

Defining emotion as the primary mechanism that we learn about others, determine behaviours, and communicate with others

Answer 10

social function of emotions

Question 11

What true about all basic emotions?

Answer 11

innate, based on facial muscles, neural networks, and physiological activation, and are universal

Question 12

When do basic emotions develop?

Answer 12

infancy

Question 13

What is the limitation of discrete emotions theory?

Answer 13

not enough emphasis on socialization and culture

Question 14

What is evidence for discrete emotions theory ?

Answer 14

each emotion has distinct facial expression, recognized by many cultures

Question 15

A theory that describes emotions as being activated by an individual’s evaluation of an event

Answer 15

cognitive appraisal theory

Question 16

What is the 3 points of evidence for cognitive appraisal theory?

Answer 16

different appraisals lead to different emotions, different individuals can have different reactions to same event, emotions and cognition are connected.

Question 17

Lmitations of Cognitive Appraisal theory.

Answer 17

overemphasis on cognition and automatic processes

Question 18

Emotions that stem from basic emotions, but require higher-order cognitive processes to develop

Answer 18

complex emotions

Question 19

emotions arise from the interaction of core components, shaped by an individual’s interpretations, experiences, and cultural context

Answer 19

psychological constructionist

Question 20

basic feelings of pleasantness and un pleasantness

Answer 20

core affect

Question 21

perception of environment

Answer 21

exteroceptive sensation

Question 22

memories and cultural knowledge

Answer 22

conceptual knowledge

Question 23

What are the limitations of the constructionist approach?

Answer 23

difficult to measure, and ignores reflective emotions

Question 24

What are the three basic functions of emotions according to the functionalist approach?

Answer 24

motivators, provide feedback, and integrate previous experiences with cultural context

Question 25

When does happiness develop and why?

Answer 25

3 to 8 weeks as a response to external stimuli

Question 26

A simile that is reflecting genuine pleasure and is reserved for caregivers in infants

Answer 26

Duchenne smiles

Question 27

An upturned mouth in response to familiar human faces

Answer 27

social smile

Question 28

an upturned mouth in newborns that is spontaneous to ensure caregiver gives them attention, but is not an actual suggestion of happiness

Answer 28

reflex smiles

Question 29

What is has the strongest effect on laughing?

Answer 29

visual and social stimuli

Question 30

When does genuine fear develop?

Answer 30

7 to 9 months

Question 31

A negative emotional reaction towards unfamiliar people starting at 9 months

Answer 31

stranger distress

Question 32

the process of reading emotional cues in others to determine how to act

Answer 32

social referencing

Question 33

Fear of being separated from a caregiver that peaks at 15 months

Answer 33

separation anxiety

Question 34

How does fear change as you get older?

Answer 34

fear of mental state interpretations increases and fear of physical events decreases

Question 35

When does true anger first experienced and why?

Answer 35

6 to 12 months and when goals are blocked

Question 36

what does negative facial expressions indicate before 6 months?

Answer 36

startle, disgust or distressed

Question 37

Why do infants become sad?

Answer 37

when communication breaks down or when separated from caregiver

Question 38

The extrinsic and intrinsic processes responsible for monitoring, evaluation, and modifying emotional reactions

Answer 38

emotion regulation

Question 39

how strongly you experience an emotion

Answer 39

intensive

Question 40

how long you experience an emotion

Answer 40

temporal

Question 41

How does ER work?

Answer 41

by up-regulating desired emotions and down-regulated undesired emotions

Question 42

How is emotions generated according to the ER regulation model?

Answer 42

the response to the situation requires attention and appraisal to the situation

Question 43

how does ER develop?

Answer 43

from parents soothing a baby, attuning to their cycles and communicating

Question 44

How can parents socialize children's emotions?

Answer 44

being aware of emotions, recognizing emotional regulation as a learning opportunity, listening empathically, labeling emotions, and helping children come up with ways to deal with emotions.