Week 5

Question 1

What are Glands/Hormones and Hypothalamus

Answer 1

Glands: Secrete hormones in the circulatory system in response to a stimuli

Hormones: Chemical substances secreted by glands in the circulatory system in response to a stimuli and creates a physiological response

Hypothalamus: Maintains homeostasis by regulating Autonomic nervous system and control the storage+secretion of hormones from pituitary gland

Question 2

Hormone Functions

Answer 2

Protein Synthesis: Stimulates Protein Synthesis

Proliferation: Stimulates Mitosis and cell proliferation

Activation/Deactivation: Activates/deactivates enzymes

Question 3

Methods of controlling Hormone release

Answer 3

Humoral Stimuli: Changing blood levels of ions and nutrients

Neural Stimuli: Nerve fibres stimulate hormone release

Hormonal Stimuli: Hormone release in response to hormones produced by other endocrine organs

Question 4

Target Cells

Answer 4

Each target cell has a specific receptor for a particular hormone. If cell does not have the right receptor, it will not respond to that particular hormone

Question 5

Factors Impacting Hormone release

Answer 5

Transport proteins: Transport hormones around circulatory system

Concentration (half-life): Time it takes hormones to decrease by half

Other Hormones:
-Permissive: Hormone enhances response of a target organ to another hormone
-Antagonistic Effect: Second hormone has opposite effect of initial hormone
-Synergistic effect: Two or more hormones working together to influence another hormone

Question 6

Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary Gland

Answer 6

1.) Hypothalamic neurons secrete stimulating and inhibiting hormones into anterior pituitary gland

2.) Hypothalamic hormones stimulate release of hormones from anterior pituitary gland

3.) Anterior Pituitary hormones are secreted into blood vessels to be distributed throughout the body

Question 7

Hypothalamus and Posterior pituitary gland

Answer 7

1.) Oxytocin and ADH are transported from he hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary

2.) They are stored in posterior pituitary

3.) When hypothalamic neuron fire, the stored hormones are released for distribution in the body

Question 8

Hypothalamus and Thyroid

Answer 8

1.) When thyroid hormone levels are low, hypothalamus produces TRH

2.) TRH travels to and stimulates anterior pituitary to produce TSH

3.) TSH signals the thyroid to increase production of its hormones

4.) When thyroid hormones increase, signal to hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland to decrease production of TRH and TSH to maintain appropriate levels of thyroid hormones (Negative Feedback Loop).