week 5 Flashcards
(48 cards)
What is the APA definition of thinking?
Cognitive behavior involving manipulating ideas, images, mental representations, or “elements of thought” in an information processing model.
What supports abstract thinking?
Concrete motor, sensory, emotional, and social experiences.
What is Reasoning Ability (RA)?
The ability to think logically; it increases with age.
What predicts an increase in reasoning ability?
Structural connectivity (white matter) between frontal and parietal brain areas (Wendelken et al., 2017).
What are the two main types of long-term memory?
Explicit (declarative, conscious) and Implicit (non-declarative, subconscious).
What are subtypes of explicit memory?
Episodic (specific instances) and Semantic (general facts).
What is procedural memory?
implicit memory of motor skills or “how to do things.”
How are episodic and semantic memory related?
Episodic memory helps form semantic memory. Semantic memory is grounded in experience and culture.
sematic memories stored
episodic memories stored
memory is associative
and is rich in contexual details
Why is memory not like a static library?
It’s constructive—based on environmental input and subject to change
What is the consequence of constructive memory?
Vulnerability to errors and illusions.
What is a semantic network?
Concepts (nodes) connected by relationships; activated nodes spread activation to others (Collins & Loftus, 1975).
What does the DRM paradigm show?
participants presented with a list of words all related to a missing target word
asked to recall as many as possible
People can falsely remember a missing word related to a list, due to spreading activation.
What does “knowledge is like Velcro” mean?
Existing knowledge helps anchor and learn new knowledge.
How can teaching use this?
By connecting new info to prior knowledge or surprising content.
What is the hippocampus responsible for?
located in the medial temporal lobe
Memory formation and integrating sensory information into memory traces.
What is embodied cognition?
Conceptual knowledge is rooted in sensory and motor experiences.
suggests that our thoughts are not simply controlled by our brains. Instead, our bodies shape our thinking.
Default mode network areas are important for what type of memories
episodic memories
especially the subjective feeling of remembering
The Default Mode Network comprises a series of regions
medial prefrontal cortex, medial and lateral parietal cortex, and temporal lobe
memory process 3 steps
encoding
consolidation
- standard model of consol
- multiple trace theory
remembering
STC What happens in Phase 1?
Hippocampus rapidly fuses information from different cortical areas into a memory trace.
STC What happens in Phase 2?
Repeated reactivation strengthens cortico-cortical connections.
STC What happens in Phase 3?
Memory becomes independent of the hippocampus and integrated into cortex.
STC What role does the Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) play?
Takes over hippocampus’ role in integrating and regulating memory recall.