week 5-6 Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
vocal folds attach to the corner of the ___ ____
A
arytenoid cartilages
2
Q
____ is only bone in the body that’s not attached to any other bones
A
hyoid
3
Q
what is the biggest cartilage in the larynx
A
thyroid cartilage
4
Q
what is considered the only “full ring” in the larynx
A
cricoid cartilage
5
Q
the tips of the arytenoid cartilages are called the ___ cartilages
A
corniculate
6
Q
the inner corners of the arytenoid cartilages are called the ___ processes. what is the function
A
vocal
serves as attachment point for the vocal folds
7
Q
the outer corner of the arytenoid cartilages are called the ___ processes. what attches to them
A
muscular
muscles
8
Q
the superior thyroid cartilage is aka the
A
adams apple
9
Q
t/f the false vocal fold attachment is above the true vocal fold attachment
A
true
10
Q
the ___ horn of the thyroid cartilage will attach to the facets of the cricoid
A
inferior
11
Q
t/f the arytenoid cartilages play a role in vocal fold tension and pitch
A
true
12
Q
what 2 movements can the arytenoid cartilages make to adjust the vocal folds
A
gliding and rotating
13
Q
epiglottis function
A
a moveable flap that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing by covering the glottis
14
Q
t/f the epiglottis can affect the resonance of vocal sounds
A
true
15
Q
The inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage are attached to….
A) Thyroid lamina
B) Cricoid cartilage
C) Arytenoid cartilages
D) Epiglottis
A
B
16
Q
the ___ muscles are responsible for ABduction, brining vocal folds ___ and muscles ____
A
PCA, apart, together
17
Q
the PCA originates from back of ___ and inserts into __ process
A
cricoid
muscular
18
Q
the LCA originates within ___ and inserts into __ process
A
cricoid
muscular
19
Q
the ___ muscles are responsible for ADduction, brining vocal folds ___ and muscles ____
A
IA and LCA, together, together
20
Q
register control is controlled by the ___ muscles
A
TA (thyroarytenoid)
21
Q
when referring to interarytenoid muscles, we are referring to the ___ and ___ muscles
A
transverse and oblique
22
Q
the ___ muscle and folds are an extension of the IA muscles that connect to the epiglottis, helping protect the airway
A
aryepiglottic
23
Q
what muscle is primarily responsible for pitch control
A
cricothyroid
24
Q
go over a diagram of the larynx
A
ok
25
in a larynx diagram the arytenoid cartilage is made up on the ___ and ___ processes
muscular, vocal
26
EGG stands for
Electroglottography
27
what does EGG measure and in what form
vocal fold contact
during phonation. in waveform
28
the electrodes from EGG get placed where
right on either side of the thyroid cartilage
29
EGG measures the electrical ____ across the larynx.
impedance
30
the highest peak in an EGG would mean the ___ level of impedance, and the most ___ of the vocal folds
lowest, closure
31
describe what the opening phase of EGG looks like and what it means in terms of the vocal folds
little dip at the bottom indicates lower waveform values and vocal fold seperation
32
what does DEGG stand for
derivative of the EGG
33
open quotient is represented by ____ / _____
Duration of Open Phase/Duration of whole cycle
34
the larger the open quotient, the creakier/breathier the sound should be
breathier
35
EGG is an invasive/non-invasive indirect/direct measure of vocal fold dynamics
non-invasive, direct
36
Do you think V1’s tend to have greater contact between the vocal folds compared to the last vowel in each word?
A. Yes
B. No
C. Not sure
A
37
t/f the LCA muscles need to bring the arytenoid cartilages together in order to bring the vocal folds together
false
38
explain how the cricothyroid muscle manipulates pitch
when cricoid thyroid muscle contracts- pulls thyroid cartilage forwards
* increases F0 (pitch) -tension in vocal folds
39
t/f the IA muscles need to bring the arytenoid cartilages together in order to bring the vocal folds together
true
40
if the IA muscles are not activated will there be space between the arytenoid cartilages
yes
41
explain how the bernoulli principle works for the vocal folds (4 steps)
1.Air from the lungs increases in velocity as it passes through the narrow gap
between the vocal folds.
2. According to the Bernoulli Principle, this increase in velocity leads to a decrease in
pressure on the side walls.
3. The reduced pressure between the vocal folds sucks them toward each other,
causing them to close.
4. Once closed, the pressure below the vocal folds builds up again, forcing them apart.
42
t/f the larynx is attached to the spine
false. it hangs in front of the spine
43
____ Processes: Stylus (pointy)-shaped projections from the base of the skull, serving as the origin for several muscles.
Styloid
44
____ Processes: Larger, smoother protrusions behind the earlobes, providing
insertion points for muscles like the sternocleidomastoid.
Mastoid
45
the hyoid bone 2 major functions
structural support for the tongue
anchors the larynx
46
within the sternum, specifically the ___ acts as an anchor point for multiple muscles
manubrium
47
The ____ and ____ pharyngeal constrictors are key for laryngeal support.
inferior, middle
48
the 2 sides of the middle pharyngeal constrictor form the ___ ___ of the pharynx
median raphe
49
the median raphe of the pharynx inserts into the ___ and ___ pharyngeal constrictors
inferior and middle
50
function of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor
pulls the larynx back and up
51
when the middle pharyngeal constrictor is activated what does this effect (2 things)
the hyoid bone will go back/up
retracts tongue root
52
the pharyngeal muscles are most useful for implosives/ejectives/clicks
ejectives
53
strap muscles aka ___ muscles
infrahyoid
54
the infrahyoid muscles are composed of 4 main muscles:
1. Sternohyoid
2. Sternothyroid
3. Thyrohyoid
4. Omohyoid
55
the Sternohyoid muscle connects to the ___ and ___ . what will contracting this muscle do
hyoid bone and sternum
will move the hyoid bone down
56
will contracting the sternohyoid muscle effect the sternum
no bc its stable
57
thyrohyoid muscle attaches to ___ cartilage and __ bone
thyroid, hyoid
58
contracting the sternothyroid will lower the ___
larynx
59
thyrohyoid bone function (2)
Modulates tension between the thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone, can either raise the larynx or lower the hyoid if the other is stable
60
Omohyoid: Has two segments, lowers or stabilizes the ___ bone, and indirectly
affects larynx position.
hyoid
61
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the infrahyoid (strap) muscles?
A. Sternothyroid
B. Thyrohyoid
C. Omohyoid
D. Stylohyoid
D
62
an endoscopy is invase/non-invasive
invasive
63
endoscopy uses an endoscope to examine the interior surfaces of an:
organ or tissue
64
a ___ endoscopy provides high-quality images and is used for stationary observations
rigid
65
a ___ endoscopy allows dynamic assessment and is suitable for observing vocal folds during speech/singing
flexible
66
once an endoscopy is above __-__frames/sec we can't see any change. standard is __ frames/sec
15-20, 30
67
explain how an endoscopy actually works
light is transmitted through an endoscope to illuminate vocal folds. a camera attached to it captures real-time video or images
68
there are 4 suprahyoid muscles: their general functions are to:
Digastric, Stylohyoid, Mylohyoid, and Geniohyoid.
elevate the hyoid bone and larynx
69
the anterior belly of the digastric muscle is connected to the digastric ___
fossa
70
the digastric fossa is like a "__"
pulling on it will raise the ___ bone
string
hyoid
71
stylohyoid muscle originates from the __ process and inserts into the __ bone
styloid, hyoid
72
the only 2 muscles with 2 bellies are:
omohyoid and digastric
73
draw out or describe positioning of the 4 suprahyoid muscles
L-->R geniohyoid, mylohyoid(widest) digastric (anterior and posterior) and stylohyoid (skinniest)
74
what is the thin flat muscle that forms the floor of the mouth
mylohyoid
75
both sides of the mylohyoid muscle will come together diagonally to form a ___
raphe
76
the mylohyoid can lower the jaw ONLY IF:
the hyoid bone is stable
77
the geniohyoid muscle is above/below the mylohyoid
above
78
the 3 pharyngeal elevator muscles (raising larynx/pharyngeal walls) are:
stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, and salpingopharyngeus
79
what does the stylopharyngeal muscle attach to on the inferior side
NOTHING
80
main function of stylopharyngeal muscle:
widen the pharynx
81
______ originates at the Eustachian tube openings. whats its notable function
Salpingopharyngeus
equalizes pressure
82
less contraction of what 2 muscles create breathy voicing
LCA and IA
83
vocal folds start opening from the bottom/top
bottom
84
breathy voicing is a ___ , meaning it will differ between languages and contrasts
continuem
85
creaky voice has higher/lower f.f.
lower
86
during creaky voice the vocal folds are shortened/elongated
shortened
87
t/f during creaky voice vocal ligaments and TA muscle may vibrate out of phase
true
88
creaky voice has higher/lower shimmer and jitter than modal
higher
89
creaky voice has pos/neg spectral tilt
pos
90
implosives ___ the larynx, creating a low-pressure atmosphere
lower
91
ejectives___ larynx, creating a high-pressure environment
raise
92
Say you are producing the sound [t’]. Which set of muscles will need to be involved in relation to larynx raising or lowering?
A. Stylohyoid Muscles
B. Superiod Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscles
C. Sternothyroid Muscles
D. Sternostyloid Muscles
A bc it will raise hyoid bone, which will raise larynx
93
Which of the following statements about the thyroid cartilage is TRUE?
It is the only complete ring-shaped cartilage in the larynx.
It attaches directly with the arytenoid cartilages in the posterior side.
Its superior horns attaches with the cricoid cartilage at the facets for thyroid cartilage.
It serves as the primary point of attachment for the vocal folds as well as the epiglottis.
It serves as the primary point of attachment for the vocal folds as well as the epiglottis.
94
Which of the following best describes how the cricothyroid (CT) muscles contribute to pitch differences?
The CT muscles increase subglottal pressure, which directly controls pitch without affecting vocal fold length or tension.
The CT muscles relax the vocal folds, making them shorter and thicker, which lowers the pitch.
The CT muscles contract, tilting the thyroid cartilage forward and stretching the vocal folds, which increases tension and raises the pitch.
The CT muscles rotate the arytenoid cartilages, thereby increasing the vocal fold tension which, in turn, increases the pitch.
The CT muscles contract, tilting the thyroid cartilage forward and stretching the vocal folds, which increases tension and raises the pitch.
95
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
The LCA muscle, by pulling on the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage, rotates the arytenoids to adduct the vocal folds.
The PCA muscle originates from the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage and inserts into the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage.
The LCA muscle originates from the lateral aspect of the cricoid cartilage and inserts into the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage.
The PCA muscle, by attaching to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage, helps abduct the vocal folds.
The PCA muscle, by attaching to the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage, helps abduct the vocal folds.
96
John intends to produce the sound [h] while teaching it to an L2 English learner. He assumes that producing [h] requires his vocal folds to be pushed apart and also that this is accomplished by pushing the two vocal folds away by the lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) muscles in his larynx. Is this assumption likely true or false?
True
False
false
97
Sarah is explaining to her phonetics class how the vocal folds behave during the production of the sound [s]. She claims that producing [s] requires the vocal folds to be tightly adducted by the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles to prevent voicing. Is her claim likely true or false?
True
False
false
98
Elissa is using an Electroglottograph (EGG) to study vocal fold vibration. She explains that the EGG signal strength increases when the vocal folds have greater contact and decreases when they are more separated. Is her explanation likely true or false?
True
False
True
