Week 5 + 6 Drugs Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the Effects of Hydralazine?
A. Selective dilation of arterioles
B. Selective dilation of veins
Answer: A. Selective dilation of arterioles
Selective dilation of arterioles causes:
A. Decreased peripheral resistance, decreased BP, increased contractility, and increased HR.
B. Increased BP, decreased contractility, and increased HR.
C. Increased peripheral resistance, increased BP, and HR.
Answer: A. Decreased peripheral resistance, decreased BP, increased contractility, and increased HR.
When do the effects of hydralazine occur after oral administration?
A. 3 hours
B. 2 hours
C. 30 minutes
D. 45 minutes
Answer:
D. 45 minutes
What is the duration of hydralazine after oral administration?
A. 8 hours
B. 6 hours
C. 24 hours
D. 10 hours
B. 6 hours
What is the onset and duration of hydralazine after IV administration?
A. 30 minutes onset, 4 hours duration
B. 45 minute onset, 4-6 hour duration
C. Immediate onset, 2-4 hour duration
D. Immediate onset, 4-6 hour duration
Answer: C. Immediate onset, 2-4 hour duration
What are the uses of Hydralazine?
HTN (not commonly used currently)
HTN Crisis (IV admin, small incremental doses)
HF (short term, after load reduce)
What are the common adverse effects of Hydralazine?
Reflex tachycardia (dizziness, increased BV, headache, fatigue, and weakness)
Systemic Lupus Erythrematous -like syndrome ( muscle and joint pain, kidney injury, pericarditis)
What are the drug to drug interactions for Hydralazine?
beta-blockers and diuretics
(prevent increased BV and reflex tachycardia).
What is the drug of choice for HTN Crisis?
A. Hydralazine
B. Sodium nitroprusside
C. Atropine
D. Warfarin
Answer:
B. Sodium nitroprusside
Rationale: fastest vasodilator
What are the effects of sodium nitroprusside?
A. Venous dilation
B. Venous and arterial dilation
C. Increased force of contraction
D. Arterial dilation
Answer: B
What is the mechanism of action of sodium nitroprusside?
Breaks down into NO, which activates an enzyme in vascular smooth muscle that causes vasodilation.
What are the routes of administration for Sodium Nitroprusside?
A. IV, IM
B. IM Only
C. IV, SC
D. IV only
D. IV ONLY
What occurs when stopping sodium nitroprusside treatment?
BP returns to pre treatment levels
Where is sodium nitroprusside excreted?
A. Kidney
B. Liver
C. Tissues
D. Liver and kidney
Answer: A. Kidneys
What are the adverse effects associated with sodium nitroprusside?
Excessive hypotension
Thiocyanate poisoning
Cyanide poisoning
What are the symptoms of thiocyanate poisoning after use of sodium nitroprusside?
Psychosis, erratic behaviour, confusion
What do you do if you suspect your patient is experiencing cyanide poisoning after taking sodium nitroprusside?
Stop the medication
Cyanide poisoning is more common in patients with?
Liver disease
What are the three main categories of drugs for thromboembolic disorders?
Anticoagulants
Anti platelets
Thrombolytics
What is the MOA for anticoagulants?
Disrupt coagulation cascade and suppress fibrin production (venous thrombosis)
What is the MOA for anti-platelets?
Prevent platelet aggregation (arterial thrombosis)
What is the MOA for thrombolytics?
Break up fibrin and dissolve thrombi
What drug would be considered an anticoagulant?
Heparin
(Made of long chain polysaccharide chain with a 5 sugar chain)
What is the MOA of heparin?
Binds to antithrombin, causing a structural change that allows antithrombin to work better to inactivate thrombin and factor Xa (supress fibrin formation).
