Week 5: Communities and Ecosytems

Question 1

Communities

Answer 1

the species living in the same area

Question 2

Species Richness

Answer 2

number of species in area

Question 3

Species Evenness

Answer 3

Relative abundance of species in a community

Question 4

Species Diversity

Answer 4

Considers richness and evenness (an index)

Question 5

Trophic level

Answer 5

distance from abiotic energy source

Question 6

Primary producers

Answer 6

Captures abiotic energy (ex.algae,plants,)

Question 7

Primary consumers

Answer 7

eats producers

Question 8

Why is energy lost

Answer 8

Energy is lost due to glycolysis and cellular respiration with each transfer

Question 9

Competition:

Answer 9

2 species that have negative impacts on each other

Question 10

Resource Partitioning

Answer 10

Co-existing competitors may adjust resource use, habitat use or way of life to minimize conflict

Question 11

Predation

Answer 11

One species hunts, kills and eats the other

Question 12

Herbivory

Answer 12

Occurs when animals feed on plants

Question 13

Parasitism

Answer 13

One species/parasites exploits the other species gaining benefits of doing harm

Question 14

Amensalism

Answer 14

One way negative interaction of two species

Question 15

Commensalism:

Answer 15

Neutral to one species while it benefits the other

Question 16

Mutualism

Answer 16

two way positive interaction

Question 17

Interspecific

Answer 17

Different species

Question 18

Intraspecific

Answer 18

Between a single species

Question 19

Ecosystem

Answer 19

A habitat’s community and its abiotic factors

Question 20

What are the 3 major ecosystem types

Answer 20

Marine, Freshwater, and Terrestrial

Question 21

Biogeochemical cycles

Answer 21

recycling of inorganic matter between living organisms and their environment

Question 22

What are reservoirs of carbon?

Answer 22

Atmosphere (CO2)
Oceans (CO2 and carbonates)
Plants (organic carbon)
Animals (organic carbon)
Rocks (fossil fuels)

Question 23

What are reservoirs of carbon

Answer 23

places in environment in an ecosystem where element is stored as some compound for a certain time

Question 24

Fluxes of Carbon

Answer 24

process where elements changes from one place to another

Question 25

What are fluxes of carbon

Answer 25

Exchange (ocean and atmosphere) Photosynthesis (atmosphere to plants) Food webs Respiration ( organisms to atmosphere) Lithification (plants and animals to fossil fuels) Combustion (fossil fuels to atmosphere)

Question 26

What are reservoirs of the hydrologic cycle

Answer 26

Atmosphere Oceans Lakes,Rivers, Glaciers Groundwater Living Organisms

Question 27

What are fluxes of the hydrologic cycle

Answer 27

Evaporation( surface to atmosphere) Transportation (organisms to atmosphere) Condensation (cloud formation) Participation (atmosphere to surface) Run off and Uptake( movement on surface Percolation(surface to groundwater)

Question 28

What are the 3 nitrogen elements in the nitrogen cycle

Answer 28

Atmospheric nitrogen (N2) Ammonium (NH4) Nitrate(NO3-)

Question 29

What are the reservoirs of nitrogen

Answer 29

Atmosphere Oceans Organic waste Food webs Fertilizers

Question 30

What are fluxes in the nitrogen

Answer 30

Nitrogen fixation( N2------> NH4) Nitrification(take ammonium turn into nitrate) Denitrification(Nitrate to N2) Uptake Haber-Bosch process(making fertilizers)

Question 31

Eutrophication

Answer 31

Excessive nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers that runoff into bodies of water can generate algal blooms and disrupt ecosystems.