Week 5 - Emotions Flashcards
Emotion response components
Behavior: muscular movements that are appropraiate, taking aggressive
posture, running away
Hormonal: reinofrce autonomic response, increase of
norepinephrine
Autonomic: chemical things in body that creates that behavior, like increased heart rate, etc.
Emotion Theories
James-Lange theory
Cannon-Bard theory
Schachter-Singer theory
Amygdala
Core Processor of Conscious & Unconscious Fear + Value
In temporal lobe
What other systems does the amygdala interact with?
Hippocampus (long-term memories, including episodic memory and long term potentiation (creating conditioned response))
Hypothalamus (sympathetic nervous response, fight or flight, physical feelings of fear)
Thalamus (unconscious fear processing; classical conditioning and unconditioned fear response/gut feeling)
What would happen if you stimulated the hypothalamus vs amygalada?
Hypothalamic stimulation
produces physiological fear
*Amygdalar stimulation
produces ‘report’ of feeling
afraid
Three nuceli of amygalada
Lateral nucleus - SENSORY INPUT GATEWAY (takes in information)
Central nucleus - Key role in emotional response to AVERSIVE STIMULI –> STRESS
- damage: decrease stress hormones
- stimulation: fear agitation
Basal nucleus
- Sends information out to VMPFC
- (says we are afraid, VMPFC help us come up with response)
What happens if have damage to amygalada
no longer show fear
Lower stress hormones in blood system
Social anxiety=more amygdalar function
Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
Can be caused by stroke, (herpes simplex) encephalitis, tumors, TBI, and even a lobotomy.
Damage to the bilateral amygdaloid nuclei
(anterior temporal lobes) and hippocampus
Results in:
* Absence of Fear & Anger Response
* Psychic Blindness/Visual Agnosia
* Hyper-orality
* Hyper-sexuality w/o sexual desire
* Binge Eating Disorder/Bulimia
* Memory Disorders
if somoene makes angry
face at you, you dont
recognize
put things in mouth
you touch your body but not for pleasure
Urbach-Weithe Disease
Rare genetic d/o, progressive neural damage to amygdala
don’t react to scary stimuli (haunted house, held at knife point, snakes, etc.)
Aggression and serotonin: genetic heritability
Higher correlations b/t monozygotic twins > dizygotic in
* Antisocial bx
* Unemotional bx
50-65% Heritability –> Believed to be d/t gene modifications impacting
serotonin synthesis/signaling
Aggression and serotonin: Child-Parent Interactions
Aggressive Child-Parent Interactions = ↑ amygdala activation & aggression
Serotonin on Aggression & Risky Behavior
Serotonin inhibits Aggression & Risky Behavior
Destruction of serotonergic axons in forebrain or inhibition of synthesis = ↑
aggression, assault, arson, murder and child abuse.
in monkeys:
* Picked more (unwinnable) fights
* Took further jumps
SSRIS and Iritability
decreases levels of irritability and aggressive
Orbitofrontal Cortex
Involved in emotional expression!!
- Gets information from frontal lobe, sensory systems & amygdala
- Sends information to amygdala, hippocampus, temporal lobe &
hypothalamus - Interpret variety of social cues and reacting to complex situations
- Involved in assessing the personal consequences of situation
- Lesions produce irresponsibility
What side of face has more emotional signals
left
Emotional Expressions – Innate & Unlearned?
Innate!
No differences between the expressions of congenitally blind,
noncongenitally blind, and sighted athletes when expressing happiness.
Namibians & European-English = matched the same vocalizations with the correct story
Thin slicing
your emotional appraisal will be more accurate in 30sec response, if you get more time you engage in confirmation bias
30 seconds same as 300 seconds
- Accurate assessment of emotional content in songs 300-400 milliseconds
Affective blindnes
those with damage to the visual cortex, can recognize
facial expressions of emotions w/o conscious awareness of looking at a
person’s face.
can’t tell you what the emotion is, but they react appropriately to it
Oxytocin - post-orgasm
increase feelings of atachment & bonding
vasopressin - post orgasm
increase feelings of vigilance and need to guard/protect partner
VMPFC
Impulse Control, Courage, Moral Decision Making
Courage is an increase in VMPFC
In task of choosing weather to save a bunch of people from a train or pushing someone in front of it, most people can’t do that but people with VMPFC lesions can (less moral)
Love: photos of loved ones
↑ Caudate Nucleus (processes visual information & controls movement) –> makes you want to move towards photo
↑ Ventral Tegmental Area (mediates reward system) = ↑ hyperfocus & OCD BX
What is biologically happening when you are in “love”
↑ Cortisol & Adrenalin
- Increased HR, sweating, anxiety, nervousness
- Decreased appetite, concentration
- Dilated eyes
decreased PFC: reduced social judgement and increased risk
taking
