Week 5 Lecture Flashcards
(8 cards)
How does Cialdini et al.’s (1976) study illustrate the concept of “Basking in Reflected Glory”?
In Cialdini et al.’s study, students used “we” more often after their team’s victories and “they” after losses.
This demonstrates how people associate themselves with positive group outcomes to boost self-esteem.
How did Fein & Spencer’s (1997) study show that self-esteem threats increase prejudice?
Participants who received negative feedback on an intelligence test rated a Jewish job applicant more negatively, demonstrating that self-esteem threats can lead to increased derogation of outgroups to restore a positive self-view.
What does Tajfel and Wilkes’ (1963) research tell us about categorization and perception?
Tajfel and Wilkes found that categorizing lines as “A” or “B” led to exaggerated differences between the groups.
This demonstrates how mere categorization can distort perceptions and judgments.
hat is the minimal group paradigm, and how does it relate to prejudice?
The minimal group paradigm (Tajfel, 1971) shows that even arbitrary group assignments can lead to ingroup favoritism and outgroup discrimination, suggesting that prejudice can arise from simple group categorization.
What is the outgroup homogeneity effect, and how does it manifest in social perception?
The outgroup homogeneity effect is the tendency to perceive outgroup members as more similar to each other than ingroup members.
Studies show that people assume “they” (the outgroup) are all the same, while “we” (the ingroup) are more diverse.
What is own-race bias, and how does it develop?
Own-race bias refers to the tendency to better recognize faces of one’s own race than those of other races.
It emerges early in life and is driven by more attention to ingroup members’ features.
How do stereotypes act as cognitive heuristics, especially under cognitive load?
Stereotypes serve as mental shortcuts (heuristics) and are more likely to be used when cognitive resources are limited.
Bodenhausen (1990) found that stereotyping was more prevalent under suboptimal conditions like tiredness or stress.
What did Correll et al.’s (2002) study reveal about the behavioral consequences of stereotypes?
Correll et al. showed that participants were more likely to “shoot” Black targets in a video game simulation, even when they were unarmed, highlighting the real-world behavioral consequences of racial stereotypes under time pressure.
