Week 5: Social Psychology Flashcards
(20 cards)
Conformity:
The adjustment of individual b________, a_________, and b______ to a group standard, which can
be impacted by:
* A____________ of the situation
* U_________ and size of the m________
* M_________ influence
The adjustment of individual behaviours, attitudes, and beliefs to a group standard, which can
be impacted by:
* Ambiguity of the situation
* Unanimity and size of the majority
* Minority influence
Obedience:
B________ change in response to a
d______ from an au_______, which can be impacted by:
* Authority s_______ and prestige
* B_____________ of others
* Level of p_________/a_________
* P_____________ characteristics
Behaviour change in response to a
demand from an authority, which can be impacted by:
* Authority status and prestige
* Behaviour of others
* Level of privacy/anonymity
* Personality characteristics
Conformity and Obedience Experiments
Asch’s Line Measurement Experiment
Milgrim’s Shock Study
Stanford Prison Experiment
Social Control:
Formal
Informal
a) Formal: laws, legal consequences
b) Informal: social norms, expectations
Peer Surveillance:
M__________ of b___________ by peers that influences b__________ and leads to c______________.
Can be:
e__________/i________
i__________/u___________
Monitoring of behaviour by peers that influences behaviours and leads to conformity.
Can be:
explicit/implicit
intentional/unintentional
Deindividuation:
Occurs when i_________ lose their sense of individual i___________ and r______________ in group settings.
- Examples include r_____ and m__ v_______
Also known as: m___ m______________
- Occurs when individuals lose their sense of individual identity and responsibility in group settings.
- Examples include riots and mob violence
Also known as: mob mentality
Diffusion of responsibility:
- Phenomenon where i__________ feel less a______________ for their actions in g__________ contexts.
- Can result in b___________ a________, where individuals fail to help others in e______________ situations.
- Phenomenon where individuals feel less accountable for their actions in group contexts.
- Can result in bystander apathy, where individuals fail to help others in emergency situations.
Groupthink:
Occurs when g____ c________ and the desire for u________ override c______ thinking and d_______-m_______.
Occurs when group cohesion and the desire for unanimity override critical thinking and decision-making.
In-Groups
Out-Groups
A group an individual belongs to/identifies with.
A group an individual does not belong to/identify with.
Group Polarisation
Echo Chambers
Group opinions/beliefs are strengthened/amplified within the group.
Environment where only exposed to in-group opinions/beliefs.
Social Loafing
Social Facilitation
SL:
Individual puts in less effort in group tasks compared to working alone.
SF:
Individual performs tasks better in the presence of others.
False Consensus Effect:
O_____________the extent to which others sh________ one’s b______ or b__________.
Overestimating the extent to which others share one’s beliefs or behaviours.
Bandwagon Effect:
L__________ of individuals adopting b__________ increases with perceived m________ o_________.
Likelihood of individuals adopting beliefs increases with perceived majority opinion.
Social Contagion:
Spread of e_________, b__________,
or i____ within a group through
i_________, m_______, or direct c______.
eg. v_____ ch_______.
Spread of emotions, behaviours,
or ideas within a group through
imitation, mimicry, or direct contact.
eg. viral challenges.
Mass Hysteria:
W___________ and i________ f____ or a___________ that affects a large group of people s______________.
Widespread and irrational fear or anxiety that affects a large group of people simultaneously.
Collective false memories:
Refers to sh____ m________ or beliefs that are i__________ or entirely f___________ but are accepted as t___ by a group of people.
Refers to shared memories or beliefs that are inaccurate or entirely fabricated but are accepted as true by a group of people.
Stereotypes:
* Refers to a b______ about a person’s characteristics on the basis of their g_______ m___________.
* M____ sh______ for understanding people
* Can be p_______, n_______, or
n___________
- Refers to a belief about a person’s characteristics on the basis of their group membership.
- Mental shortcut for understanding people
- Can be positive, neutral, or
negative
Self-fulfilling prophecy:
- Occurs when people’s e____________ lead them to a__ in a way that brings about the e__________ behaviours.
- Occurs when people’s expectations lead them to act in a way that brings about the expected behaviours.
Prejudice:
* Refers to (usually n_________)
a__________ toward someone on
the b______ of their g_____
m__________.
Discrimination:
* Refers to b__________ directed
towards someone on the b______
of their g_____ m_________.
Prejudice:
* Refers to (usually negative)
attitudes toward someone on
the basis of their group
membership
Discrimination:
* Refers to behaviours directed
towards someone on the basis
of their group membership
Aggression and Altruism
Aggression:
Hostile, violent, abusive behaviours.
Altruism:
Selfless, empathetic, compassionate behaviours.
