Week 6

Question 1

T or F
Heart rates change with day-to-day activities

Answer 1

T

Question 2

T or F
Heart rates vary between genders

Answer 2

T

Question 3

A heart rate between … and … beats per minute is considered normal

Answer 3

60
100

Question 4

A heart rate over … beats per minute is considered tachycardic

Answer 4

100

Question 5

A heart rate under … beats per minute is considered bradycardic

Answer 5

60

Question 6

If an ECG reads broad QRS complexes with no visible P waves this is called a…

Answer 6

Wide complex

Question 7

Wide complexes are of … origin

Answer 7

ventricular

Question 8

If an ECG reads narrow complexes that are preceded by normal P waves this is called a…

Answer 8

narrow complex

Question 9

Narrow complexes are of … origin

Answer 9

sinus, atrial or junctional origin.

Question 10

T or F
P waves are either absent or present on an ECG.

Answer 10

T

Question 11

What would absent P waves on an ECG indicate?

Answer 11

sinus arrest, atrial fibrillation

Question 12

Gradual slowing during the vagal manoeuvre that resumes on cessation is indicative of…

Answer 12

Sinus tachycardia

Question 13

Gradual slowing during the vagal manoeuvre that doesn’t resume on cessation is indicative of…

Answer 13

Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

Question 14

(Considering the cardiac axis)
In a healthy heart the net movement of electrical activity during depolarisation if upwards/downwards and slightly right/left

Answer 14

downwards
left

Question 15

What would a patient who has left ventricular hypertrophy’s cardiac axis look like in comparison to a normal one?

Answer 15

A deviation to the left

Question 16

What would a patient who has right ventricular hypertrophy’s cardiac axis look like in comparison to a normal one?

Answer 16

A deviation to the right

Question 17

(Regarding the cardiac axis)
The QRS axis is considered normal when it is between … and … degrees

Answer 17

-30
+90

Question 18

(Regarding the cardiac axis) Left axis deviation is between … and … degrees

Answer 18

-30
-90

Question 19

(Regarding the cardiac axis) Right axis deviation is between … and … degrees

Answer 19

+90
180

Question 19

(Regarding the cardiac axis) A north west/ extreme axis is between … and … degrees

Answer 19

180
-90

Question 20

(Regarding the cardiac axis)
During the Quadrant method if lead 1 and the aVF lead both produce a positive QRS complex the axis is in between the two leads meaning it is considered …

Answer 20

normal

Question 21

(Regarding the cardiac axis)
During the Quadrant method if lead 1 produces a negative QRS complex and aVF lead produces a positive QRS complex. This means the axis runs away from lead 1 but toward aVf meaning it is classified as …

Answer 21

right axis deviation

Question 22

(Regarding the cardiac axis)
During the Quadrant method if lead 1 produces a positive QRS complex and the aVF lead produces a negative QRS complex then this would be classified as …

Answer 22

Possible left axis deviation (could be normal but heading towards left axis deviation also)

Question 23

(Regarding the cardiac axis using the Quadrant method)
Negative values of the QRS complex in both leads (1 and aVF) is indicative of …

Answer 23

extreme axis deviation

Question 24

T or F An isoelectric lead is one that has one deflection much larger than another

Answer 24

F equal or positive deflections

Question 25

The isoelectric lead method involves finding the location of the isoelectric lead. The cardiac axis will run ... to the direction of the isoelectric lead.

Answer 25

perpendicular

Question 26

(Once locating the perpendicular line using the isoelectric lead method) If the QRS complex of the lead closest to the perpendicular line is positive/negative, that is the direction of the lead. If the nearest QRS complex is positive/negative then the line runs in the opposite direction.

Answer 26

positive negative

Question 27

The cardiac axis refers to the general direction in which the heart ...

Answer 27

depolarises

Question 28

In which order do the following terms appear in the featured sentence? Bundle of HIS Sinoatrial node Purkinje fibres Atrioventricular node Each wave of depolarisation begins at the ..., then spreads to the ..., before travelling to the ... and the ... to complete an electrical cardiac cycle.

Answer 28

Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node Bundle of HIS Purkinje fibres

Question 29

When viewing the heart from the front, imagine a clock face. In the case of a normal cardiac conduction pathway, the wave of electrical activity travels from ... o’clock to ... o’clock.

Answer 29

11 5

Question 30

What are some anatomical factors that can influence ones cardiac axis?

Answer 30

- The heart’s anatomical position in the thoracic cavity (dextrocardia), or abnormal thoracic anatomy - Abnormal diaphragm position (pregnancy and obesity, among others)

Question 31

What are some pathological factors that can influences someone's cardiac axis?

Answer 31

Conduction abnormalities Prior myocardial infarction Pulmonary embolism Hypertrophy Ischaemia

Question 32

T or F All haemostatic processes happen simultaneously when forming a blood clot.

Answer 32

T

Question 33

T or F Primary haemostasis may involve constriction (narrowing) of the damaged blood vessel

Question 34

Primary haemostasis is also called...

Answer 34

platelet clotting

Question 35

Secondary haemostasis is also called...

Answer 35

coagulation cascade

Question 36

T or F Platelet plugs are permanent solutions to bleeding

Answer 36

F temporary