Week 6 Flashcards
(17 cards)
Any operant behavior that results in minimal displacement of the participant in time and space.
a) frequency trial
b) duration
c) discrete trial
d) celeration
e) free operant
e.) free operant
A type of intervention that decreases problem behaviors without the use of punishment by modifying the antecedents and consequences that control the behaviors.
a) functional intervention
b) ABC observation
c) exploratory functional analysis
d) functionally equivalent response
e) functional assessment
a.) functional intervention
The history of the natural evolution of a species.
a) ontogeny
b) octology
c) phylogeny
d) parsimony
e) science
c.) phylogeny
The history of the development of an individual during its lifetime.
Select one answer
a) operant conditioning
b) ontogeny
c) parsimony
d) phylogeny
e) octology
b.) ontogeny
A situation that occurs when the level of responding observed in a previous phase cannot be reproduced even though the experimental conditions are the same as they were during the earlier phase.
Select one answer
a) irremediability
b) irreversibility
c) irrevocability
d) irreparability
e) sequence effects
b.) irreversibility
The recommended minimum ratio of positive reinforcement to punishment.
a) The No, but Rule
b) 2:1 rule
c) 4:1 rule
d) Grandma’s law
e) Premack principle
c.) 4:1 rule
A reinforcer that is related to access to desired actions, such as playing games, leisure time, or listening to music.
a) edible reinforcer
b) reinforcer
c) social reinforcer
d) activity reinforcer
e) tangible reinforcer
d.) activity reinforcer
A research design in which a number of different goal levels are set for the behavior during the treatment phase.
a) changing criterion design
b) A-B-A-B reversal design
c) multiple baseline across subjects design
d) alternating treatment design
e) A-B reversal design
a.) changing criterion design
A variation of the multiple baseline design in which an initial baseline, and perhaps intervention, are begun for one behavior (or setting, or subject), and subsequent baselines for additional behaviors are begun in a staggered or delayed fashion.
a) multiple treatment reversal design
b) multi-element design
c) reversal design
d) delayed multiple baseline design
e) withdrawal design
d.) delayed multiple baseline design
A research design in which there is a baseline and a treatment phase for two or more behaviors of the same person.
a) multiple baseline across behaviors design
b) A-B reversal design
c) multiple baseline across criterion design
d) multiple baseline across settings design
e) multiple baseline across subjects design
A variation of the multiple baseline design that features intermittent measures, or probes, during baseline, used to evaluate the effects of instruction on skill sequences in which it is unlikely that the subject can improve performance on later steps in the sequence before learning prior steps.
a) multi-element design
b) delayed multiple baseline design
c) reversal design
d) multiple baseline design
e) multiple probe design
e.) multiple probe design
Any experimental design in which the researcher attempts to verify the effect of the independent variable by “reversing” responding to a level obtained in a previous condition. It encompasses experimental designs in which the independent variable is withdrawn (A-B-A-B) or reversed in its focus (DRI or DRA).
a) reversal designs
b) withdrawal design
c) alternating-treatment design
d) multi-element design
e) changing-criterion design
a.) reversal designs
The fundamental principle underlying operant conditioning. The basic tenet is that all forms of behavior, from simple to complex, are shaped, selected, and maintained by their consequences during an individual’s lifetime.
a) determinism
b) radical behaviorism
c) empiricism
d) selection by consequences
e) methodological behaviorism
d.) selection by consequences
The effects of one treatment on a subject’s behavior being confounded by the influence of another treatment administered in the same study.
a) multi-element design
b) DRI or DRA reversal technique
c) A-B design
d) sequence effects
e) NCR reversal technique
d.) sequence effects
A procedure in which stimuli with known reinforcing properties are presented on fixed-time or variable-time schedules completely independent of behavior.
a) low-probability request sequence
b) noncontingent reinforcement
c) functional communication training
d) fixed-interval DRO
e) noncontingent DRL
b.) noncontingent reinforcement
A procedure for implementing DRL in which reinforcement follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a minimum interresponse time (IRT).
a) spaced-responding DRL
b) fixed-interval DRO
c) noncontingent reinforcement
d) interval DRL
e) noncontingent DRL
a.) spaced-responding DRL
A procedure in which a specific desirable behavior is followed by a reinforcer but other behaviors are not. The result is an increase in the desirable behavior and extinction of the other behaviors.
a) independent reinforcement
b) continuous reinforcement
c) automatic reinforcement
d) negative reinforcement
e) differential reinforcement
e.) differential reinforcement
