Week 4 Flashcards
(24 cards)
This theory suggests that human beings are uncomfortable with uncertainty and seek the means to predict the trajectory of social interactions.
a) double-blind control
b) delay-reduction hypothesis
c) parametric variations
d) uncertainty reduction hypothesis
e) systematic replication
d.) uncertainty reduction hypothesis
Certain discriminative stimuli (DS) are more effective signals for conditioned reinforcers (CR) if they signal a decrease in time to a positive reinforcer or an increase in time to an aversive stimulus or punishment.
a) respondent replication
b) respondent extinction
c) delay-reduction hypothesis
d) respondent behavior
e) uncertainty reduction hypothesis
c.) delay-reduction hypothesis
A model for predicting whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for engaging in another behavior based on whether access to the contingent behavior represents a restriction of the activity compared to the baseline level of engagement.
a) mixed schedule of reinforcement
b) multiple schedules of reinforcement
c) response-deprivation hypothesis
d) limited hold
e) Premack principle
c.) response deprivation hypothesis
Using differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes; each response class is a successive approximation toward a terminal behavior.
a) fading
b) successive approximation
c) shaping
d) chaining
e) imitation
c.) shaping
The sequence of new response classes that emerge during the shaping process as the result of differential reinforcement. Each successive response class is closer in form to the terminal behavior than the response class it replaces.
a) imitation
b) successive approximation
c) chaining
d) fading
e) shaping
b.) successive approximation
An experiment in which the researcher attempts to duplicate exactly the conditions of an earlier experiment.
a) systematic replication
b) direct replication
c) parametric variations
d) procedural fidelity
e) double-blind control
b.) direct replication
The manner in which a response is brought on during respondent conditioning.
a) behavior
b) evoke
c) consequence
d) elicit
e) antecedent
d.) elicit
The process in which the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimulus are presented at the same time in respondent conditioning trials.
a) delay conditioning
b) unconditioned stimulus
c) simultaneous conditioning
d) backward conditioning
e) trace conditioning
c.) simultaneous conditioning
A process in which a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus, which elicits an unconditioned response.
a) respondent replication
b) respondent behavior
c) respondent conditioning
d) respondent extinction
e) operant conditioning
c.) respondent conditioning
The process by which, when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus gradually ceases to elicit the conditioned response.
a) extinction
b) respondent behavior
c) respondent extinction
d) respondent conditioning
e) respondent replication
c.) respondent conditioning
A type of respondent conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus is presented and the unconditioned stimulus is then presented before the termination of the conditioned stimulus.
a) delay conditioning
b) backward conditioning
a.) delay conditioning
Two or more of different behaviors or response options are concurrently available for the person.
a) concurrent consequences
b) concurrent operants
c) higher-order conditioning
d) concurrent responses
e) concurrent options
b.) concurrent operants
A type of conditioned response in which an emotional response such as fear, anger, or happiness is elicited by a conditioned stimulus in the process of respondent conditioning.
a) conditioned reinforcer
b) conditioned emotional response
b.) conditioned emotional response
A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a negative reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more negative reinforcers.
a) intermittent reinforcer
b) conditioned negative reinforcer
c) compound reinforcer
d) continuous reinforcement
e) unconditioned negative reinforcer
b.) conditioned negative reinforcer
A learned stimulus-response functional relation consisting of an antecedent stimulus and the response it elicits.
a) conditioned reinforcer
b) unconditioned reflex
c) neutral reinforcer
d) conditioned reflex
e) unconditioned punisher
d.) conditioned reflex
A previously neutral stimulus that has been paired a number of times with an established reinforcer and consequently functions as a reinforcer itself.
a) neutral reinforcer
b) conditioned stimulus
c) conditioned punisher
d) conditioned reinforcer
e) positive reinforcer
d.) conditioned reinforcer
A formerly neutral stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior only after it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
a) negative stimulus
b) conditioned reflex
c) conditioned reinforcer
d) conditioned stimulus
e) conditioned punisher
d.) conditioned stimulus
A stimulus that functions as a negative reinforcer as a result of the evolutionary development of the species.
a) compound reinforcer
b) generalized conditioned reinforcer
c) intermittent reinforcer
d) unconditioned negative reinforcer
e) conditioned negative reinforcer
d.) unconditioned negative reinforcer
A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it, irrespective of the organism’s learning history with the stimulus.
a) unconditioned punisher
b) conditioned punisher
c) conditioned reinforcer
d) conditioned stimulus
e) unconditioned reinforcer
e.) unconditioned reinforcer
The response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus.
a) unconditioned punisher
b) unconditioned stimulus
c) conditioned punisher
d) conditioned reinforcer
b.) unconditioned stimulus
The stimulus component of an unconditioned reflex; a stimulus change that elicits respondent behavior without any prior learning.
a) unconditioned stimulus
b) conditioned punisher
c) unconditioned punisher
d) unconditioned reinforcer
e) conditioned reinforcer
a.) unconditioned stimulus
A procedure for implementing time out in which, contingent on the occurrence of a target behavior, the person is removed physically from the current environment for a specified period.
a) exclusion time-out
b) planned ignoring
c) partition time-out
d) contingent observation
e) nonexclusion time-out
a.) exclusion time out
Behavior that occurs as a collateral effect of a schedule of periodic reinforcement for other behavior.
a) schedule reinforcement behavior
b) ratio schedule
c) adjunctive behavior
d) target behavior
e) chained behavior
c.) adjunctive behavior
Behavior that is elicited, or induced, by antecedent stimuli.
a) respondent behavior
b) respondent extinction
c) operant conditioning
d) respondent conditioning
e) respondent replication
a.) respondent behavior
