week 6 Flashcards
(46 cards)
In past 50 years, What changes to family have occurred?
- Complex structures are more common (e.g. single parent, blended families etc)
- Changes in marriage (decrease marriage rate, increase divorce)
- Increase in same sex couple
- People are older before having first child
- increase number of children born outside of marriage
Attachment reflects:
- The desire by the child to be close to the caregiver
- The sense of security around the caregiver
- The feeling of distress when caregiver is absent
What were the two major functions of attachment that Bowbly argued?
surivial: Child with strong attachment is more likely to be fed, protected and taught life skills
Nurturance/security: young are comforted by caregiver and distressed when they are absent
Key points of the strange situation test
- it is the reunion behaviour which is most telling
- lack of observable stress does not mean lack of underlying anxiety
Criticism of the the strange situation test
- a controlled and isolated situation
- Focus on one caregiver
- Western
- Role of temperament and (and other child factors) were not considered
How is parent child relationship different to peer relationship?
- Parents posess superiority compared to peers who are seen as equal
- Parents have vertical power
What are the two dimensions of parenting style?
- Acceptance - Responsiveness
- Demandingness - Control
What is the acceptance-responsivness dimesnion of parenting?
parents are supportive, sensitive to their children’s
needs, and willing to provide affection and praise when their children meet their expectations
What is the demandingness-control dimension of parenting
refers to how much control over decisions lies with the parent rather than with the child
What are the parenting styles? The four that emerge from the dimensions of acceptance-responsiveness and demandingness-control
Authoritarian
Authoritive
Permissive
Uninvolved
Authoritarian parenting
- High demandingness-control and low acceptance- responsiveness
- Very strict and role-driven. The parents do not explain why the rules are important. Parent often uses power tactics and punishment to gain compliance
What is authrotitive parenting
- High demandingness-control and high acceptance-responsiveness
- parents set clear rules and enforce them but they explain why the rules are there. Responsive to their childs needs and involve them in decision making
What is uninvolved (neglected) parenting?
- low demand and control but low acceptance -responsiveness
- Seem not to care about children
- Uninvolved parents may be so overwhelmed by their own problems that they cannot devote energy to their kids
What is Permissive parenting
- low demand and control but high responsiveness and acceptance
- few rules and few demands
- encourage children to express themselves and rarely show control over their
What are the outcomes of parenting styles?
Authotorian
- anxiety, withdrawl, low self esteem
Authortive
- high self esteem, high moral standard, psychosocialmaturity
permissive
- impuslsivity, diobidence
uninvolved
- poor social emotional development , social alienation
What parenting style makes the most adjusted child
Authoritative
What parenting style makes the worst asjusted child?
Univovled (Neglectful)
What is sibling rivarly?
When siblings compete
Siblings may be likely to compete with each other for their parents time and resources
Sibling conflict is normally about possessions
Is a sibling relationship good or bad?
- generally close and positive even in early childhood
How do siblings affect a child development?
Siblings provide emotional support
Older siblings often provide caregiving services for younger siblings
Older siblings also serve as teachers
Siblings provide social experience
What about online children?
- Research suggests that only children’s development is not negatively affected because they are an only child
Research suggests that only children tend to be higher in:
- self esteem
- positive personality
- Achievment motivation
- Academic success
Why is play important to psychosocial development?
- From Ages 2-5, play is particularly important, not merely. During this period, play becomes a) more social and b) more imaginative/symbolic.
Play fosters creativity, knowledge and skill development, connection to others and subjective wellbeing
Types and stages of play
unoccupied play (0-3months)
Solidarity/independent play (0-6 years)
Symbolic play (15months - 6 years)
Onlooker play (2-6 years)
Parallel play (2-3 years)
Associative play (3-4 years)
Cooperative play (4-5 years)
sociodramatic
competitive
physical
constructive
game
