WEEK 6 COMPLETED SET

Question 1

wave frequency measures..

Answer 1

pitch

Question 2

wave amplitude measures..

Answer 2

loudness

Question 3

wave complexity measures..

Answer 3

timbre

Question 4

what is the audible spectrum of sound

Answer 4

20-20000 Hz

Question 5

ear drum

Answer 5

membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves

Question 6

ear cannal

Answer 6

conducts sound waves to the ear drum

Question 7

pinna

Answer 7

flexible outer flap of the ear which channels sound waves into the ear cannal

Question 8

vestibule

Answer 8

fluid filled cavity that detects head position

Question 9

vestibular nerve

Answer 9

carries info concerning balance to the brain

Question 10

cochlear never

Answer 10

transmits nerve impulses from ear to the brain

Question 11

semicircular canal

Answer 11

one of three fluid filled structures that play a role in balance

Question 12

round window

Answer 12

soft piece that allows energy to be dissipated

Question 13

what are the sub compartments of the cochlea

Answer 13

oval window, round window, stapes, tympanic cannal, cochlea duct, hair cells, organ of cortisones, basilar membrane

Question 14

inner hair cells in ear (organ of corti)

Answer 14

look like coral moving to specific frequency of sound- translate it to an action potential

Question 15

what is tonotopic organisation

Answer 15

different tones excite different areas of the basilar membrane and primary auditory cortex- as you go along different frequencies are processed

Question 16

what is the place theory for pitch perception

Answer 16

for high pitch sounds, hairs in specific areas of the basilar membrane activate specific regions in the primary auditory cortex 5000-20000Hz

Question 17

what is the frequency theory for pitch perception

Answer 17

for low pitch up to 100Hz, the rate of action potentials signals the frequency of sound waves- possibly due to AP not being able to go as fast as high pitch sounds

Question 18

what is the volley theory for pitch percpetion

Answer 18

combination of action potentials slightly de-syncronised collectivly signal the frequency of sound waves (100-5000Hz)

Question 19

conductive hearing loss

Answer 19

problems in outer/middle ear- amplification of sounds (eg. hearing aid) can be helpful

Question 20

sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 20

problems in inner ear, auditory nerve and auditory cortex can be more complex- cochlea implants can translate sound waves to nerve impulses

Question 21

causes of hearing loss

Answer 21

genetic congenital, disease, noise induced, age, medication/substances

Question 22

how many odors can humans identify

Answer 22

2000-4000

Question 23

parts of the olfactory system in the nose

Answer 23

olfactory tract, bulb, nerve fibre, receptor cell, and mucus, cilia, and olfactory epithelium

Question 24

olfactory epithelium

Answer 24

lining in the nose, sends action potentials into olfactory bulb

Question 25

what are the different taste receptors

Answer 25

sweet, salty, sour, bitter and unami and possibly savoury

Question 26

how do we taste (gustation)

Answer 26

taste substance molecules dissolve in saliva,

Question 27

olfactory and gustation perception

Answer 27

converge on parts of the limic system- orbitofrontal context and amygdala- only system not going via thalamus, straight link

Question 28

mechanorecptors detect

Answer 28

pressure

Question 29

thermoreceptors detect

Answer 29

tempreture

Question 30

nociceptors detect

Answer 30

pain

Question 31

phantom limb illusion

Answer 31

pain of amputees can be felt in missing limb, pain can be relieved with mirror box

Question 32

proprioception

Answer 32

perception of body position- kinaesthetic sense- stretch and force receptors, located in the joints, muscles and tendons which provide feedback to the brain

Question 33

vestibular system

Answer 33

controls balance information, inner ear:semi circular canals, otoliths, info sent to brain stem and cerebellum, to coordinate and adjust eye head and body movemnt

Question 34

what is perceptual constancy

Answer 34

tendency to perceive objects as perceptually stable, despite variation in stimulation of sensory receptors- eg. same colour under different lights, size from dif distances and shape dif angle,

Question 35

what are the gestalt principles

Answer 35

simplicity, proximity, similarity, continuation, symmetry, figure ground

Question 36

what is the idea of gestalt

Answer 36

rules that describe how visual elements are organised into groups or unified whole- whole is bigger than sum of its parts

Question 37

motion perception

Answer 37

some cells in retina sensitive to movement, and neurons in visual cortex respond to movement- two ways- eye stationary, object moves on retina, or eye moves to maintain object on same place on retina

Question 38

depth perception

Answer 38

the organisation of perception into three dimensions, binocular and monocular cues tell us about this

Question 39

what are binocular cues of depth

Answer 39

primary cues: retinal disparity- degree of overlap between retinas in each eye, convergence- eyes converge at small distances

Question 40

monocular cues of depth

Answer 40

secondary cues eg. relative size, texture, gradient, height in plane, shading, interposition, motion parallax, linear perspecitve

Question 41

what is synaesthesia

Answer 41

different perceptual experiences can be produced by cross modal or overlap in brain areas- eg. hearing colours and tasting shapes

Question 42

subliminal perception

Answer 42

processing of sensory information that occurs bellow the levels of conscious awareness

Question 43

affects of subliminal perception

Answer 43

can have a brief short term impact on behaviours and attitudes but disappears when aware of influence

Question 44

what is subliminal persuasion

Answer 44

fairly unlikely rot produce large scale or enduring attitudes of decisional changes, reverse and self help stuff is ineffective

Question 45

what is extrasensory perception

Answer 45

the perception of events outside the known channels of sensation

Question 46

what are the three types of ESP

Answer 46

clairvoyance, precognition, telepathy

Question 47

what is telepathy

Answer 47

knowledge of what another person is experiencing without the use of recognised sensory channels

Question 48

what is clairevoyance

Answer 48

perceptual knowledge of objects or people in the environment

Question 49

what is precognition

Answer 49

acquiring knowledge of future events other than by reasoning from current knowledge