Week 6 - foundation and application of health informatics

Question 1

What are PMS (NAPRA def’n) (3)

Answer 1

Must support the delivery of patient care including the dispensing of drugs

ability to record, display, store, and exchange patient specific information

must facilitate information exchange with external systems (EHR)
-preserving confidenciality and security of PHI processed or transmitted

Question 2

PMS vs EMR (3)

Answer 2

a product order/inventory management system

detailed medication product information, including quants, exp dates, appearance

insurance/health benefit electronic billing

Question 3

Big picture of EHR/EMR/PMS/DIS

Answer 3

EMR sends info <–> EHR

EHR contains:

• patient registries
• lab information systems
• diagnostic imaging repositories
• provider registries
• DIS
• public health surveillance

EHR sends info <—> PMS

Question 4

What are databases

Answer 4

database is a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system

records or data meant to be shared by many users for a variety of applications

Question 5

What is the main component of a database

Answer 5

heat of a database is the DBMS (database management system)

allows for creation, modification, and updating the database; retrieval of data; generation of reports

Question 6

examples of DBMS (5)

Answer 6

MS Access

MySQL

IBM DB2

Oracle database

MS SQL Server

Question 7

Databases that we may be apart of

Answer 7

public library

university phone book

bank

insurance

credit card

Question 8

What are benefits of belonging to databases (ones we part of)

Answer 8

Access to books, money, etc

making contact with people

paying without cash

storing/accessing money

Question 9

what are some drawbacks to databases (3)

Answer 9

potential risks to privacy

opportunities for crime

errors can lead to problems (credit denial)

Question 10

creating a new patient record (kroll)

Answer 10

enter name —> insert

fill in rest of info —-> select

Question 11

hierarchy of data (3)

Answer 11

• field
• record
• table or file

Question 12

field

Answer 12

particular piece of data (name + value)

Question 13

Record

Answer 13

a collection of related data (fields) about one entity, situation, or event

Question 14

Table or file

Answer 14

an unordered collection of related records having the same attributes (names and types of fields), representing a collection of similar entities, situations, or events

Question 15

example of field (kroll patient record)

Answer 15

last name address etc

Question 16

example of record (kroll patient record)

Answer 16

one patient record

Question 17

example of table (kroll patient record)

Answer 17

a list of all patients

Question 18

Kroll what is patient records

Answer 18

list of all patients

Question 19

Kroll what is prescriber records

Answer 19

list of all prescribers

Question 20

Kroll drug records

Answer 20

a list of all drugs

Question 21

single vs multi- table managemet

adv (2) and difficulties (4) of single table?

Answer 21

advantages

• all data kept together (like a single worksheet)
• stored data similar to useful data entry and report format

difficulties

• duplication of data
• waste of space
• costly to update
• greater chance for errors

Question 22

solution to duplication

Answer 22

use multiple tables and introduce fields to connect them

-

Question 23

database definition (not NAPRA)

• def’n
• how store (2)

Answer 23

collection of related tables
ex. table for student courses, instructors, marks

stored as collection of files (one per table) or one file containing all related tables

Question 24

normal form

• Database normalization def’n
• process involves what

Answer 24

Database normalization is the process of organizing fields and tables within a relational database to minimize redundancy and dependency

-process involces breaking tables into smaller tables and defining relationships between them

Question 25

Table relationships

Answer 25

records in one table may be linked to records in another table by comparing values stored in any fields in those tables

Question 26

Primary key | - what is it

Answer 26

uniquely identifies occurrences / records (rows) ex. student-ID IDs a unique student. name, adress

Question 27

can a primary key be empty

Answer 27

cannot be empty and is used to ID the rest of the record in the table

Question 28

examples of Primary keys

Answer 28

student number, ISBN, acquisition number, part number, car registration, model number, etc

Question 29

primary key | -may require more than one field to make each record unique

Answer 29

compound or composite key

Question 30

primary key for student table is what

Answer 30

student ID | -see ppt (slide 20)

Question 31

primary key for course table is

Answer 31

course code | -see ppt

Question 32

Foreign key

Answer 32

the field that links a dependent table to its primary table | -see ppt (slide 21)

Question 33

1-to-1 relationship

Answer 33

occurs when one record in one table matches exactly one record in another table

Question 34

1-to-many relationship

Answer 34

occurs when one record in one table matches several records in another table

Question 35

many-to-many relationship

Answer 35

occurs when records in one table have many associations in either direction

Question 36

1-to-1 relationship examples

Answer 36

product and product package - only one product package for each product - 1:1 employee and office - each employee has a unique office, one office is given to one employee - 1:1

Question 37

1-to-many relationship example

Answer 37

physician to patient - physician in an organization is assigned many pateints, but a patient is assigned only one physician - 1 to infinity emplyee to department - an emplyee is a member of only one department but ea department has many employees - infinity to one

Question 38

Many to Many example

Answer 38

salesperson to sales area - salesperson can call on many cities and a city can be a sales area for many sales person - inf:inf student to courses - a student can have many courses while at the same time a course may have many students enrolled in it - inf to inf

Question 39

defining relationships | table A to B to C

Answer 39

1) name of related file (table B) 2) fields to be linked - always a filed in Table A and how it is related to some field in table B - often, but not always, foreign key in A = primary key in B 3) relationship type - there are 3 types

Question 40

does the foreign key in A always equal the primary key in B

Answer 40

Often but NOT ALWAYS

Question 41

how do you retrieve data - technical term - what is it usually

Answer 41

technical term -querying database usually use SQL -structured query language

Question 42

what does a query consist of

Answer 42

A select list -where the columns to be retrieved are specified A from clause - where the table or tables to be accessed are specified