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Pharm 151 - self inflicted lobotomy > Week 6 - foundation and application of health informatics > Flashcards

Week 6 - foundation and application of health informatics Flashcards

1
Q

What are PMS (NAPRA def’n) (3)

A

Must support the delivery of patient care including the dispensing of drugs

ability to record, display, store, and exchange patient specific information

must facilitate information exchange with external systems (EHR)
-preserving confidenciality and security of PHI processed or transmitted

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2
Q

PMS vs EMR (3)

A

a product order/inventory management system

detailed medication product information, including quants, exp dates, appearance

insurance/health benefit electronic billing

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3
Q

Big picture of EHR/EMR/PMS/DIS

A

EMR sends info <–> EHR

EHR contains:

  • patient registries
  • lab information systems
  • diagnostic imaging repositories
  • provider registries
  • DIS
  • public health surveillance

EHR sends info <—> PMS

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4
Q

What are databases

A

database is a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system

records or data meant to be shared by many users for a variety of applications

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5
Q

What is the main component of a database

A

heat of a database is the DBMS (database management system)

allows for creation, modification, and updating the database; retrieval of data; generation of reports

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6
Q

examples of DBMS (5)

A

MS Access

MySQL

IBM DB2

Oracle database

MS SQL Server

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7
Q

Databases that we may be apart of

A

public library

university phone book

bank

insurance

credit card

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8
Q

What are benefits of belonging to databases (ones we part of)

A

Access to books, money, etc

making contact with people

paying without cash

storing/accessing money

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9
Q

what are some drawbacks to databases (3)

A

potential risks to privacy

opportunities for crime

errors can lead to problems (credit denial)

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10
Q

creating a new patient record (kroll)

A

enter name —> insert

fill in rest of info —-> select

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11
Q

hierarchy of data (3)

A
  • field
  • record
  • table or file
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12
Q

field

A

particular piece of data (name + value)

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13
Q

Record

A

a collection of related data (fields) about one entity, situation, or event

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14
Q

Table or file

A

an unordered collection of related records having the same attributes (names and types of fields), representing a collection of similar entities, situations, or events

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15
Q

example of field (kroll patient record)

A

last name address etc

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16
Q

example of record (kroll patient record)

A

one patient record

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17
Q

example of table (kroll patient record)

A

a list of all patients

18
Q

Kroll what is patient records

A

list of all patients

19
Q

Kroll what is prescriber records

A

list of all prescribers

20
Q

Kroll drug records

A

a list of all drugs

21
Q

single vs multi- table managemet

adv (2) and difficulties (4) of single table?

A

advantages

  • all data kept together (like a single worksheet)
  • stored data similar to useful data entry and report format

difficulties

  • duplication of data
  • waste of space
  • costly to update
  • greater chance for errors
22
Q

solution to duplication

A

use multiple tables and introduce fields to connect them

-

23
Q

database definition (not NAPRA)

  • def’n
  • how store (2)
A

collection of related tables
ex. table for student courses, instructors, marks

stored as collection of files (one per table) or one file containing all related tables

24
Q

normal form

  • Database normalization def’n
  • process involves what
A

Database normalization is the process of organizing fields and tables within a relational database to minimize redundancy and dependency

-process involces breaking tables into smaller tables and defining relationships between them

25
Q

Table relationships

A

records in one table may be linked to records in another table by comparing values stored in any fields in those tables

26
Q

Primary key

- what is it

A

uniquely identifies occurrences / records (rows)

ex. student-ID IDs a unique student. name, adress

27
Q

can a primary key be empty

A

cannot be empty and is used to ID the rest of the record in the table

28
Q

examples of Primary keys

A

student number, ISBN, acquisition number, part number, car registration, model number, etc

29
Q

primary key

-may require more than one field to make each record unique

A

compound or composite key

30
Q

primary key for student table is what

A

student ID

-see ppt (slide 20)

31
Q

primary key for course table is

A

course code

-see ppt

32
Q

Foreign key

A

the field that links a dependent table to its primary table

-see ppt (slide 21)

33
Q

1-to-1 relationship

A

occurs when one record in one table matches exactly one record in another table

34
Q

1-to-many relationship

A

occurs when one record in one table matches several records in another table

35
Q

many-to-many relationship

A

occurs when records in one table have many associations in either direction

36
Q

1-to-1 relationship examples

A

product and product package

  • only one product package for each product
  • 1:1

employee and office

  • each employee has a unique office, one office is given to one employee
  • 1:1
37
Q

1-to-many relationship example

A

physician to patient

  • physician in an organization is assigned many pateints, but a patient is assigned only one physician
  • 1 to infinity

emplyee to department

  • an emplyee is a member of only one department but ea department has many employees
  • infinity to one
38
Q

Many to Many example

A

salesperson to sales area

  • salesperson can call on many cities and a city can be a sales area for many sales person
  • inf:inf

student to courses

  • a student can have many courses while at the same time a course may have many students enrolled in it
  • inf to inf
39
Q

defining relationships

table A to B to C

A

1) name of related file (table B)

2) fields to be linked
- always a filed in Table A and how it is related to some field in table B
- often, but not always, foreign key in A = primary key in B

3) relationship type
- there are 3 types

40
Q

does the foreign key in A always equal the primary key in B

A

Often but NOT ALWAYS

41
Q

how do you retrieve data

  • technical term
  • what is it usually
A

technical term
-querying database

usually use SQL
-structured query language

42
Q

what does a query consist of

A

A select list
-where the columns to be retrieved are specified

A from clause
- where the table or tables to be accessed are specified

Pharm 151 - self inflicted lobotomy (8 decks)

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