Week 7 - Computing fundamentals and networking concepts

Question 1

DIKW pyramid

Answer 1

Data

Information

Knowledge

Wisdom

Question 2

what is data

Answer 2

product of observation and have no meaning or use on their own

Question 3

what is information

Answer 3

data that includes answers to the question who, what, where, when, and/or how many

Question 4

what is knowledge

Answer 4

knowing the significance of information

Question 5

wisdom

Answer 5

knowing what to do with the information through knowledge, experience and judgement

Question 6

Managing Data: structured vs unstructured

-what type better for computational thingking

Answer 6

example: drop down menus vs dictated notes

- better to have structured data for computational thinking

Question 7

Computational thinking

Answer 7

techniques and tools to manage DIKW

Good for complex, difficult, ambiguous and or open ended problems

helps work twds a common goal/solution

• abstraction
• automation
• counting
• sorting
• searching

Question 8

abstraction

Answer 8

a way of simplifying a process or problem

• a single problem can include several layers of abstraction
• abstractions are used to build algorithms

Question 9

algorithms

Answer 9

process for carrying out a complex task broken down into simple decision and action steps
-algorithms are used to build automation

Question 10

automation

Answer 10

use of technology or machines and/or devices that are linked to/controlled by a computer

Question 11

counting

• small/simple sets
• complex/large sets (2)

Answer 11

simple/small sets: count one-by-one

algorithms and automation for large/complex sets

• estimate using random samples
• recursion (sets of smaller counts

Question 12

kroll counting

Answer 12

Rx work in progress and Rx coutns

Question 13

sorting and searching

Answer 13

algotithms an automation can be used

Question 14

sorting

Answer 14

way of ranking different elements

-can be done by computer algorithms

Question 15

searching

Answer 15

used to find an eleement wtih certain properties in a larger set

• linear search (start to finish)
• Binary search (back and forth)

Question 16

Kroll sorting and searching

Answer 16

universal search field

narcotics report –> sort by
- can sort by date, brand/date, patient/date

Question 17

Computer fundamentals (4)

Answer 17

Hardware

software

networks

security

Question 18

hardware

Answer 18

monitor
case
motherboard (CPU, RAM)
storage
Optical drive
input/output devices
Network card 
power supply

Question 19

Major component of a desktop computer

Answer 19

input devices
-mouse, keyboard, touch pad, pen, bar code, reader, scanner, camera, joystick, touch screen

output devices
-printer, screen, speakers, robot

storage devices
-hard disk, optical disk (ex. CD-ROM, DVD, or CD-RW), memory stick

Question 20

software: basic input/output system (BIOS)

Answer 20

low level system that allows the various hardware components to talk

Question 21

software: operating system

Answer 21

windows, mac OS, android, iOS etc

executes application programs

manages resources

• for sharing internal memory and processor(s)
• handles I/O devices
• manages space on external storage devices

Question 22

software: other software that runs on top of the OS

Answer 22

developmental; application; communications

microsoft powerpoint, iTunes etc

Question 23

look at the brainrot on slide 17

Answer 23

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Question 24

Networking kroll scenario

Answer 24

RPh on PMS sends info to network that sends info to insurance server when filling out pateitn insurance info

Question 25

networking 101: telecommunications link

Answer 25

how devices communicate | ex. modems, ethernet cables, fiber optic cables, radio for satelites

Question 26

networking 101: modems

Answer 26

allow you to connect to the internet through your ISP | -A modem connects home network (LAN) to you ISP's network (WAN) to get the internet

Question 27

networking 101: routers

Answer 27

create networks by allowing greater than or equal to 2 computers and the modem to connect ex. it takes the signal from your modem and routes it to your devices think wireless routers ex. your computer connects to your wireless printer using a router

Question 28

networking 101: hosts

Answer 28

computers connected to networks | -smartphones, laptoms, iPads, etc

Question 29

networking 101: clients

Answer 29

computers or programs that connect to a network and retrieve data

Question 30

networking 101: servers

Answer 30

provide services for clients | ex. email servers, database servers, game servers

Question 31

networking 101: nodes

Answer 31

any device that is attached to a network and transmits, receives, or forwards info - nodes can be clients and servers - includes hosts linked by modems, routers, etc

Question 32

LAN - what is - what are 2 types of connection - what require - what may include to connect to other networks

Answer 32

local area network - connects computers within a small building - may be wired (via network cables, often running ethernet protocol) or wireless - requires network interface card - may include a router to connect to other networks

Question 33

WAN

Answer 33

Wide area network - connects computers far away - requires host computers for network and communications management

Question 34

TCP/IP

Answer 34

transmission control protocol/internet protocol - standard procedures for adressing and transmitting messages - messages broken into data packets at source - analogy: cut letter into pieves and put ea frament in its own envelope - packets are routed independentyl - packets are re-assembled into message at end

Question 35

IP addresses: what are they

Answer 35

-unique ID for every computer (host) on a network (WAN, LAN, internet)

Question 36

IP addresses: how allocate

Answer 36

-hierarchical allocation of addresses

Question 37

IP addresses: DNS

Answer 37

server for Domain Name System (DNS) consults registry to translate host names to corresponding IP adresses

Question 38

HTTP - what is - how used - client/server model

Answer 38

hyper text transfer protocol - communication protocol between clients and servers - utilized TCP to transfer information between computers client - browser that requests, receives, displays server -receives requests and responds to them

Question 39

Networking and security: firewalls

Answer 39

barriers between trusted networks (your home) and untrusted networks (the internet) - built into routers - can be added as antivirus software

Question 40

Even with firewalls what is most important thing for security

Answer 40

not connect with untrusted sources

Question 41

Networking and security: VPN

Answer 41

virtual private network -allows remote users on the WAN to access a LAN - essentially a secure tunnel - how access the virtual lab computer off campus or patient records from home -need to act act at home as you would in the hospital when you are on a VPN + do not leave screens open, do not show ppl records, do not talk about the records in a public space

Question 42

Authentication 101: something you know

Answer 42

password, PIN, pattern

Question 43

Authentication 101: something you have

Answer 43

smartwatch to open smartphone, FOB

Question 44

Authentication 101: something you are

Answer 44

fingerprint, iris

Question 45

Authentication 101: what type authentication HC use

Answer 45

HC typically prefers multifactor authentication (greater than or equal to 2 options) ex. FOB + password ex. smartwatch + fingerprint

Question 46

encryption 101 - what is - role of sender and receiver - VPN

Answer 46

encryption is process of mathematically converting info to render it unintelligible without a key to decode it - sender uses algorithm to encode info and receiver uses same algorithm to decode - how VPN creates a secure tunnel

Question 47

examples of encryptions

Answer 47

caeser cipher german enigma machine

Question 48

HTTPS

Answer 48

HTTPS = HTTP + Security provides data encryption and server authentication

Question 49

slide 30 photo on how client requests https session

Answer 49

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Question 50

HL7 - what is - stds for what - how message

Answer 50

international standard to allow the exchange integration sharing and retrieval of electronic health information provide messaging standard of certain common communication -medication dispense, medication request HL7 message can be transferred through HTTPS to provide communication between different systems (ex. EMR/EHR/PMS)