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Med Math / Pharm > week 7 ANS > Flashcards

week 7 ANS Flashcards

1
Q

Foxglove plant

A

makes digoxin

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2
Q

Marijuana schedule

A

1

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3
Q

Teratogenic med=

A

could cause harm to fetus (cross placenta blood barrier) most effects during 1st trimester

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4
Q

ASD Atrial Septum Defect

A

blood shunt from hole in septum in between atrium

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5
Q

4 components of pharmacokinetics

A

absorption, Distribution, metabolism, Excretion

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6
Q

Pharmacodynmaics=

A

What med does in body

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7
Q

Pharmacokinetics=

A

What body does to med

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8
Q

Medication affinity=

A

force of attraction between medication & a receptor

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9
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A

Sympathetic receptors “adrenaline”

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10
Q

Chlorogenic receptors

A

Parasympathetic “C for Chill”

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11
Q

chronotropy=

A

Heart rate

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12
Q

dromotropy=

A

Heart’s Electrical impulse activity

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13
Q

Inotropy=

A

Ventricle squeeze strength

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14
Q

Neuron anatomy=

A

Soma, dendrites, axon, nucleus

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15
Q

Neuron Threshold:
Neuron Resting Potential:
Neuron Reversal of Charges:
Neuron Refractory period:

A

= -55mV
= -70mV
= +30mV
= goes more - than baseline before recovering

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16
Q

Neuron Depolarization:
Neuron Polarization:

A

=action up & -mV down
=going down & -mV up

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17
Q

Sodium effect on neuron:
Potassium effect on neuron:

A

:Depolarization
:Repolarization

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18
Q

BENZOs effect on neurons:

A

make cells more negative to slow down cells by binding to GABA sites

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19
Q

RAAS→ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system steps:

A
  1. reg/s cardiovascular system → make sure fluids there
  2. JG cells Juxtaglomerular granular cells= kidney cells
  3. kidneys send renin to liver angiotensin to form angiotensin 1
  4. angiotensin 1 flows around to heart to lungs for ACE to produce angiotensin 2 & aldosterone
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20
Q

RAAS→ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in short

A

Kidneys monitor blood pressure (Low pressure = more renin & vice versa) & Angiotensin 2 to vasoconstrict produced from lungs

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21
Q

ACE inhibitors
“-Pril”s

A

Hypertension meds
EX lisinopril

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22
Q

Sympathetic NS adrenergic receptors:

A

ACh binds to Nn receptor preganglionic fiber & NORepi for postganglionic (only exception for sweating has ACh post ganglionic)

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23
Q

Albuterol:

A

B agonist w/ preference for B2 receptors, // indications: bronchospasm, allergies, hyperkalemia// Contraindication: hypersensitive, anxiety, dizzy/HA,

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24
Q

Terbutaline (Brethine):

A

B selective agonist relaxation w/ high affinity, can give to asthma dependent and/or heart prob PT // asthma, emphysema, preterm labor, reversible airway, //contraindication: same as albuterol & no pedis

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25
EPI 1:1000:
potent A & B agonist // indications: bronchospams, anaphylaxis
26
Atropine:
Parasympatholytic & selectively blocks Muscarinic receptors inhibiting the parasympathic NS // contra: allergy, EXTREME CAUTION USE W/ MIs & hypoxia→ increase O2 med, avoid hypothermic (82degrees)
27
Ipratropium (Atrovent):
anticholinergic, selectively blocks Muscarinic receptors // ind: bronchospasm w/ obstructive lung diseases
28
Alpha 2 inhibits
Release of NORepi
29
parasympathetic cranial nerves:
3,7,9,10 cranium (10 prominent vagus nerve)
30
Parasympathetic neurotransmitter
acetylcholine post & pre ganglion
31
Lavine's sign
clenching chest
32
Muscarinic 3-(5) receptors found in
M1: CNS, GI, salv glands M2: SA & AV nodes M3: Smooth Muscles
33
OD on parasympatholytic=
Anticholinergic Toxidrome→ “blind as a bat, Red as a beet, mad as a hatter” Physostigmine medication .5mg/ml slow
34
Over stimulation of parasympathetic NS=
SLUDGEM Atropine to revese
35
Prototype=
medication that best demonstrates the class’s common properties & illustrates its particular characteristics.
36
Analgesic: Anesthetic:
=medications that relieve the sensation of pain =med that relieves ALL SENSATIONS
37
Endorphins:
= hormones that bind to opioid receptors aka natural painkillers
38
Opiate receptors physiology
different receptor→ different effect
39
Opiate receptor M1: Opiate receptor M2: Opiate receptor Kappa: Opiate receptor Sigma: Opiate receptor Epsilon: Opiate receptor Delta:
=angelsia & euphoria =respiratory & physical depression, miosis, less GI m-vt = Analgesia, sedation, miosis, respiratory depression, dysphoria =Psychotomimetic (i.e., hallucinations), dysphoria, possibly mydriasis = Effects uncertain =Analgesia, dysphoria, psychotomimetic effects (hallucinations), respiratory & vasomotor stimulation
40
Common non-opioid angelistics= 3 types of non-opioid med/s w/ analgesic & antipyretic (fever-fighting) properties:
=salicylates= EX aspirin =Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)=EX ibuprofen, =Para-aminophenol derivatives= acetaminophen.
41
Opioid agonist-antagonist=
have both agonistic & antagonistic properties. like opioids, decreases pain response, & antagonist b/c it has fewer respiratory depressant & addictive side effects
41
Neuroleptanesthesia
type of anesthetic that combines with effect of w/ amnesia (useful in procedures that require PT calm & responsive )
42
BENZOdiazepines:
frequently prescribed for oral use & are relatively safe & effective for treating general anxiety/insomnia
43
Barbiturate
have broader general depressant activities & a higher potential for abuse, are used much less frequently than benzodiazepines.
44
Both benzodiazepines & barbiturates effect on neuron:
hyperpolarize the membrane of CNS neurons, thus decreases response to stimuli.
45
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)=
Chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS.
46
GABA receptors location
dispersed through CNS on chloride ion channels in the cell membrane.
47
GABA receptors job:
1. When combines w/ the receptors the channel “opens” 2. chloride diffuses & B/c is a anion (neg/ ion),makes inside of cell more negative than the outside. 3. Thus hyperpolarizes membrane making more difficult to depolarize 4. Depolarization therefore requires larger stim/ to cause cell to fire
48
Benzodiazepines & Barbiturates
increase GABA receptor–chloride ion channel affinity
49
Romazicon:
med that is competitive antagonist of Benzo’s
50
Phenytoin (Dilantin) & Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
=inhibit sodium influx decreasing cell’s ability to depolarize & propagate seizures.
51
Benzodiazepines & Barbiturates:
interact w/ GABA receptor–chloride ion channel complex
52
Valproic acid & Ethosuximide=Valproic acid & Ethosuximide=
inhibit influxation & interact w/ calcium channels in hypothalamus absence seizures typically begin.
53
Partial seizure meds:
Phenytoin Carbamazepine Oxacarbazepine Felbamate Lacosamide Lamotrigene Levetiracetam
54
Absent seizure meds:
Valproic acid Ethosuximide
55
General seizure meds:
Carbamazepine Phenytoin Phenobarbital Lamotrigene Levetiracetam Gabapentin
56
Amphetamines High-dose pharmacodynamics=
Can increase concentration of dopamine in synaptic cleft & similar effect on NORepi neurons; it can induce release of NORepi into the synaptic cleft & inhibit the norepinephrine reuptake transport
57
Methylxanthine pharmacodynamics=
unclear, but it seems to block adenosine receptors.
58
Mental dysfunction A&P:
= inbalance of monoamine neurotransmitters in CNS being: norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin
59
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Muscle type location= AMS type preganglion= Anatomy L= Agonist= Antagonist=
=neuromuscular junction of skeletal (only) muscles =parasympathetic ganglion =Found on many neurons in the brain =Nicotine is an agonist =Curare is an antagonist
60
Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Muscle type location= AMS type preganglion= Anatomy L= Agonist= Antagonist=
=neuromuscular junction of smooth & cardiac muscle =sympathetic ganglion =Found on glands =Muscarine is an agonist =Atropine is an antagonist
61
2 basic types of indirect-acting cholinergic med/s: Reversible inhibitors pharmacodynamics: Irreversible inhibitors pharmacodynamics:
= reversible inhibitors and irreversible inhibitors. Both bind w/ cholinesterase (ChE), acting as a substitute for ACh thus prevent ChE from destroying ACh. =bound w/ ChE longer than ACh but eventually release it. =Release cholinesterase but bound so long considered irreversible.
62
Atropa belladonna "nightshade" plant=
Creates atropine
63
hormones released by adrenal medulla=
80% Epi & 20% NORepi
64
Foxglove plant=
Digoxin

Med Math / Pharm (8 decks)

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