week 8 cardiac cells & acids Flashcards
Myocardial muscle contraction depends on 3 factors:
(1) electrical stimulation from the conduction system
(2) adequate amounts of ATP (energy)
(3) adequate amounts of the calcium ion.
most spinal cord ends @
L2
Hydrocephalus:
when too much CSF→ drain isnt working or making too much much
Neuron RP:
AP:
= -70mV
= -55mV
Hemostasis:
blood vessels being intact → constrict when shot, platelet coagulation 3 step process & making fibrin
Positive feedback loop:
exaggerate things→ childbirth release oxytocin in excess
bohR effect:
+ CO2, -pH, +temp, +BPG 2,3 → releases oxy in body
haLden effect:
-CO2, +pH, -temp, -BPG 2,3, in Lungs, hemoglobin Loves & picks up oxy
Met-hemoglobin:
Met-hemoglobin anemia:
methlyblue:
= “jacked up” not avail/ for carrying from nitrates → eating & drinking
= OD of nitrates
=antidote for met-hemoglobin
3 buffer systems fastest-slowest:
= 1. Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system (relys on lung system)
= 2. Protein buffer system→ Amino-acid chains pick CO2, thus carbaminohemoglobin Hb + CO2 bc greater affinity than oxy
=3. Phosphate buffer system= (slowest buffer) kidneys w/ nephrons
Loop-diuretics→ loosens to loose water
H2CO3 +, PaCO2- ,pH- (acid) breathing is:
bradypnea
H2CO3-, PaCO2+, pH+ (alk) breathing is:
Tachypnea
Lipolysis:
cut down lipids +CO2 thus acidosis
Trousseau’s sign:
Ca binding too much and flexing in in hands “gay hand penguin”
ABG’s: Arterial blood gases: 3 names
1 step naming: look at pH lvl: compensated or uncomp/
Middle name: look at HCO3 (exhaled) resp or metabolic
Last name: HCO2 acid or alkalosis
Autorhythmic cells RP
AP
= resting potential -60mV
= Action potential -40mV
Contractile cells RP:
AP:
Cell gap junctions “doors” with rhythmic cells:
= Resting potential -90mV
= Action potential -85mV
= SA node cell gives ions (Na + Ca) to contractile cell
Rapid influx of what ion depolarizes a cardiac autorhythmic cell?
Calcium
Slow influx of what ion brings a cardiac autorhythmic cell from RP-AP:
Sodium
Efflux of what ion repolarizes a cardiac autorhythmic cell?
Potassium
blood travels into an area of the body where there is +CO2, +temp, -pH, hemoglobin should do what to oxy & effect name:
= Decrease it’s affinity to oxygen:
= Bohr
Neuron RP:
AP:
= -70mV
= -55mV
Before Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II, it must mix w/ what that is found in the lungs.
=angiotensin Converting Enzyme
Slow influx of what ion gets a neuron from RP (-70 mV) to AP(-55 mV)?
= Sodium
