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Anatomy and Neuroscience > Week 7- Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Week 7- Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Where do somatic fibres come to and from?

A

Somatic structures such as skin, skeletal muscle and joints

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2
Q

Where do visceral fibres come to and from?

A

Organs

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3
Q

What is the second subgrouping of nerve fibres?

A

General or special

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4
Q

What are classified as a special fibre?

A 
Special senses 
- Vision 
- Hearing
- Taste
- Smell 
Muscles that have developed within pharyngeal arches (most muscles of facial expression and of the head)
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5
Q

What are classified as general fibres?

A

Supply other sense, muscles and glands

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6
Q

What are efferent nerves?

A

Travel to muscles or glands (motor)

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7
Q

Describe the path of General Somatic Efferent (GSE)

A

From CNS to skeletal muscle

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8
Q

Describe the path of General Visceral Efferent (GVE)

A

CNS to smooth or cardiac muscle and glands

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9
Q

Describe the path of Special Visceral Efferents (SVE)

A 
*Brachial Motor* 
Muscles of the face and neck which develop from pharyngeal arches 
- muscles of facial expression 
- mastication 
- inner ear
- stylopharyngeus 
- pharynx
-trapezius 
- sterncheidomastoid

Except tongue and extraoccular muscles

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10
Q

What do afferent nerves carry?

A

Sensory information

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11
Q

Describe the pathway of General Visceral Afferents (GVA)

A

Internal organ receptors to CNS

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12
Q

Describe the pathway of General Somatic Afferents (GSA)

A

Receptors in skin, muscle, joints to CNS

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13
Q

Describe the pathway of Special Somatic Afferents (SSA)

A

Special senses; vision, balance, hearing

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14
Q

Describe the pathway of Special Visceral Afferents (SVA)

A

Special senses; taste and smell

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15
Q

Name the 12 pairs of CNs

A 
Olfactory I
Optic II
Oculomotor III
Trochlear IV
Trigeminal V
Abducens VI
Fascial VII
Vestibulocochlear VIII 
Glossopharyngeal IX
Vagus X
Accessory XI
Hypoglossal  XII
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16
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the cranial nerves?

A

On occasion out trusty truck acts funny very good vehicle any how

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17
Q

What is the mnemonic to remember the fibre types of each nerve?

A

Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more

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18
Q

What differentiates the olfactory and optic nerves from the rest in terms of origin?

A

Do not have nuclei in the brainstem or emerge from the brainstem. Instead, they carry the sensory info straight to their primary cortical areas

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19
Q

What is a brainstem nuclei?

A

Location in the brainstem where each nerve either starts or ends

*some sensory cranial nerves neurons begin in the same nuclei but their neurons leave and merge together to exit the brainstem as separate nerves.

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20
Q

How do mixed neurons come about?

A

Sensory and motor neurons all group together before exiting the brainstem, therefore looking like one cranial nerve containing a mix of neurons.

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21
Q

What CN number is the olfactory nerve?

A

I

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22
Q

What is the classification of the Olfactory nerve?

A

Special Visceral Afferent (SVA)

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23
Q

How can smells inter the body?

A

Through the nose (orthonasal) or via the oropharynx (retronasal)

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24
Q

What cells form the olfactory nerves?

A

Bipolar cells

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25
Where are the receptors for olfaction located?
Imbedded in the nasal mucosa (cribriform of ethmoid bone); beginning of the bipolar cells
26
What is the name of the point of synapse for olfactory neurons?
The glomeruli
27
Describe the pathway of the olfactory nerve
olfactory nerves---> olfactory bulb---> olfactory tract---> olfactory cortex (piriform) and amygdala
28
What other senses are also forwarded to the olfactory cortex?
Taste and visual information
29
How does smell relate to emotion?
Piriform is located near the hippocampus. information is forwarded on to these areas that can trigger emotional responses (amygdala) due to connections with memories
30
What CN number is the optic nerve?
II
31
What nerve classification are the optic nerve fibres?
Special Somatic Afferent (SSA)
32
How does the optic nerve leave the orbit?
Via the optic canal of the skull
33
Where does the optic nerve transmit visual information from?
The retina
34
What do optic pathways include?
- Optic nerve | - posterior projections that travel until they synapse to the visual (striate) cortex
35
What CN number is the oculomotor nerve?
III
36
What classification are the oculomotor nucleus fibres?
General Somatic Efferent (GSE)
37
What muscles does the oculomotor nucleus innervate?
- Inferior oblique - Superior rectus muscle - Inferior rectus muscle - Medial rectus muscle - Levator palpebrae superioris
38
What classification are the Edinger Westphal nucleus fibres?
General Visceral Efferent
39
What does the EWN stimulate?
Smooth muscle inside the eye - Ciliary muscle---> changes lens shape for accommodation - Pupillary constrictor muscle---> decreases iris
40
Where do the preganglionic and postganglionic neurons synapse in the EWN?
Ciliary ganglion
41
What CN number is the trochlear nerve?
IV
42
What nerve fibres are related to the trochlear nucleus?
General Somatic Efferent (GSE)
43
What extraoccular eye muscle does the trochlear nerve innervate?
Superior oblique
44
What CN number is the Abducens nerve?
VI
45
What is unique about the emergence position of the trochlear nerve?
Emerges from the back part of the brain stem
46
What classification of nerve fibres are found at the Abducens nucleus?
General Somatic Efferent (GSE)
47
Where does the Abducens nerve emerge from?
At the pons, near pons/medulla junction
48
What extraoccular muscle is innervated by the abducens?
Lateral rectus muscle
49
How do III, IV and VI enter the orbit?
Through the superior orbital fissure (along with 1st branch of the trigeminal nerve)
50
What CN number is the trigeminal nerve?
V
51
How does the trigeminal nerve emerge?
Emerges from the pons as large sensory branch and smaller motor branch
52
What is the general sensory function of the trigeminal nerve and what are the classification of these fibres?
General Somatic Afferent - touch - pressure - temp - pain from face - scalp - meninges - gums - teeth - hard palate - proprioception in muscles
53
What are the 3 trigeminal branches and where do they emerge from?
V1: Ophthalmic branch - Superior orbital fissure V2: Maxillary branch - Foramen rotudum V3: Mandibular branch - Foramen ovale
54
Describe the innervation of the ophthalmic nerve (V1)
- Skin on the nose, upper eye, forehead and scalp - Sensation part of dura - frontal and ethmoid sinuses - Superior nasal mucosa
55
Describe the innervation of the Maxillary nerve (V2)
- Skin on the cheek and up through the temple - Sensation part of dura - maxillary sinuses - posteroinferior nasal mucosa - mucosa of upper lip - mucosa upper part of oral cavity and teeth
56
Describe the innervation of the mandibular nerve (V3)
- Skin from lower lip, to jaw and up to temple - Sensation to ear of auricle, external auditory meatus and tympanic membrane mucosa floor of moth and lower teeth and anterior 2/3 of tongue
57
Where do trigeminal sensory axons synapse?
Mesencephalic nucleus: proprioception from muscles of mastication Main (chief) sensory nucleus: touch and vibration and proprioception from muscles of facial expression Spinal trigeminal nucleus: pain and temperature
58
What is the nerve fibre classification of the V3 motor neurons and where do these innervate?
Special Visceral Efferent (SVE) - muscles of mastication - tensor tympani (middle ear cavity) - tensor veli palatini (soft palate) - mylohyoid (mouth floor) - anterior belly of digastric (mouth floor)
59
What CN number is the facial nerve?
VII
60
Where does the facial nerve emerge from?
Caudal pons
61
What are the 5 main branches of the facial nerve to muscles of facial expression?
1. Temporal 2. Zygomatic 3. Buccal 4. Marginal mandibular 5. Cervical
62
Where does the facial nerve enter via?
Internal auditory meatus
63
What are the different nerve fibres within the facial nerve and where do they innervate?
Sensory Visceral Afferent: Taste (front of tongue) General Somatic Afferent: proprioception of muscles and external auditory meatus Motor (Special Visceral Efferent): muscles of facial expression, stapedius, posterior belly digastric, stylohyoid Parasympathetic (General Visceral Efferent): glands in nose and palate (mucous), salivary and lacrimal glands
64
Where do sensory axons (GSA) synapse for the facial nerve?
Spinal trigeminla nucleus: proprioception of muscles and EAM
65
Where are preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies found? (GVE)
Superior salivatory nucleus: glands in nose and palate (mucous), salivary and lacrimal glands
66
Where do sensory taste axons (SVA) synapse?
Solitary tract nucleus
67
Where are Somatic Motor neuron (SVE) cell bodies found?
Facial motor nucleus
68
GO OVER COURSE OF FACIAL NERVE IN THE LECTURE SLIDES
YA YEET
69
What CN number is the Vestibulocochlear nerve?
VIII
70
What classification do the VIII nerve fibres come under?
Special Somatic Afferent (SSA)
71
Where does the VIII nerve emerge from?
The brainstem @ pontomedullary junction, entering via the IAM
72
What are the 2 divisions of the VIII nerve?
- Vestibular (balance and equilibrium)---> vestibular nuclei - Cochlear (hearing) ---> cochlear nuclei
73
What CN number is the Glossopharyngeal nerve?
IX
74
Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve emerge from and exit the skull?
Emerges from the brainstem @ the medulla Exits the skull via the jugular foramen
75
Describe the 3 sensory nerve fibres found in the glossopharyngeal nerve
Special Visceral Afferent: Taste, posterior 1/3 of the tongue General Somatic Afferent: Sensory posterior 1/3 of tongue., palatine tonsils, oropharynx, pharyngotympanic tube, mastoid air cells and middle ear cavity General Visceral Afferent: Aortic sinus (baroreceptors) and carotid body (chemoreceptor)
76
Describe the 2 motor nerve fibres found in the glossopharyngeal nerve
Special Visceral Efferent: Stylopharyngeus muscle Parasympathetic (General Visceral Efferent): Parotid gland
77
REVISE GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NERVE PATHWAY
YA YEET
78
Describe the synapsing of glossopharyngeal nerves
Sensory axons (GSA): spinal trigeminal nucleus Preganglionic (GVE) parasympathetic cell bodies: inferior salivatory nucleus Sensory taste axons (SVA): solitary tract nucleus Motor cell bodies (SVE): nucleus ambiguus
79
What CN number is the Vagus nerve?
X
80
Where does the Vagus nerve exit the skull?
The jugular foramen
81
Name the classifications of the sensory fibres within the vagus nerve, and what they innervate
GSA: sensations from laryngopharynx, larynx, oesophagus, skin of outer ear (auricle), EAM and posterior dura GVA: sensation from thoracic and abdominal organs, aortic arch and aortic body (baroreceptors and chemoreceptors) SVA: taste from epiglottis
82
Name the classification of the motor fibres within the vagus nerve, and what they innervate
SVE: palatoglossus, muscles of layrnx, pharynx (except stylopharyngeus), soft palate (except tensor veli palatini)
83
Name the classification of the parasympathetic fibres within the vagus nerve, and what they innervate
GVE: Smooth muscle and glands in the pharynx, larynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera
84
Describe the synapsing with the brainstem of each subgroup of the vagus nerve
Sensory axon (GSA): spinal trigeminal nucleus Sensory taste (SVA) and Vagal (GVA): solitary tract nucleus Parasympathetic preganglionic cell bodies (GVE): dorsal motor nucleus Motor cell bodies (SVE): nucleus ambiguus
85
What CN number is the Accessory nerve?
XI
86
Where does the accessory nerve originate?
Caudal medulla (cranial) and C1-C5 (spinal) Spinal roots enter cranium through foramen magnum and they all exit via the jugular foramen
87
What is the classification for the nerve fibres of the accessory nerve?
Motor fibres (Sensory Visceral Efferent)
88
What does the accessory nerve innervate?
Cranial: some muscles innervated by vagus nerve (still unclear), may innervate soft palate muscles (not TVP) Spinal: Neck muscles, upper trapezius muscles and sternocleidomastoid
89
Describe where the motor cell bodies of the accessory nerve synapse in the brainstem
Nucleus ambiguus and anterior horn or C1-5
90
What is the CN number for the hypoglossal nerve?
XII
91
Where does the hypoglossal nerve emerge from and where does it exit the skull from?
Emerges from the brain stem at the medulla. Exits the skull via hypoglossal canal
92
What does the hypoglossal nerve merge with as it exits the skull?
Merges with several branches from the cervical plexus on their way to the hyoid muscles
93
What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate?
Innervates all intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles except palatoglossus
94
What is the classification of the nerve fibres of the hypoglossal nerve?
General Somatic Efferent (GSE)
95
Where are the motor cell bodies of the hypoglossal nerve found in the brainstem?
Hypoglossal nucleus

Anatomy and Neuroscience (9 decks)

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