Week 7 - Gaming

Question 1

How may you measure cognitive aggression in gaming?

Answer 1

Stem completion

Cognitive bias tasks (eg. hostile attribution bias)

Question 2

How may you measure behavioural aggression in gaming?

Answer 2

CRTT/ “noise blast” (130 papers w/ 150 approaches)

cold-pressor task

Hot sauce task

Question 3

How does the General Aggression Model (GAM explain video game violence?

Answer 3

Central mechanism
- activation and rehearsal of scripts

Increased accessibility of “aggressive schemata”
(Repeated exposure to VVG strengthens the idea that violence is acceptable)

Question 4

What theory of video game violence does this quote emulate?

“Thus, the danger in exposure to VVGs seems to be in the ideas they teach, and not primarily in the emotions they incite”

Answer 4

General aggression model (GAM)

Question 5

What types of data can be used to assess video game violence?

Answer 5

Theory

Lab data

Real-world data

Short vs long-term effects

Question 6

General Aggression model is an extension of another theory…. What is it?

Answer 6

Social Learning theory

Question 7

Why is context important in social learning theory?

Answer 7

Appropriateness of a given behaviour in a given context

Context within the game and in real life

Question 8

What are the concerns associated with the general aggression model?

Answer 8

Does not recognise context

So broad that anything can relate to it

Difficult to falsify

Fictional vs real violence

Question 9

Why have the effects of violent video games been substantially overestimated?

Answer 9

Publication bias

Question 10

What is the best way to ameliorate publication bias in a meta-analysis??

Answer 10

Include book chapters, dissertations, conference papers, unpublished manuscripts

Question 11

How does self-determination theory perceive gaming?

Answer 11

As a result of the threatening or thwarting of the three basic psychological needs:

Competence

Autonomy

Relatedness

Question 12

How can gaming satisfy the three basic psychological needs as described by self-determination theory?

Answer 12

Competence: graded challenges and skill growth

Autonomy: exploration and choice

Relatedness: communication and collaborative efforts

Question 13

How can the self-determination theory cause post-game aggression from video gaming?

Answer 13

can interfere with 3 basic needs

Question 14

What is an issue regarding aggression and gaming that has not been examined?

Answer 14

methodological issues that influence effect sizes

eg. use of standardised, validated aggression measures, use of proper control variables, using more than one respondent etc

Question 15

What did Drummond, Sauer & Ferguson do differently in their meta-analysis to rectify the methodological limitations of other meta-analyses regarding aggression and gaming?

Answer 15

1. Preregistration
2. consider unstandardised measures, clinical validity and independence of video game ratings as moderator analyses.
3. Include more recent longitudinal studies - several with preregistered analyses
4. More critical examination of effect sizes

Question 16

What are some issues associated with research on gaming and aggression?

Answer 16

1) methodological flexibility and lack of standardisation
2. Questionable research practices in the operationalisation of violent game play in survey studies
3) demand characteristics and an absence of checks for unreliable or mischievous responding

Question 17

What did de Vrieze (2018) suggest to adjudicate the results of meta-analyses that yield conflicting conclusions?

Answer 17

a) minimising researcher degrees of freedom when conducting a new meta-analyses
b) ensuring full analytic reproducibility
c) conducting prospective multisite replications of the phenomenon of interest

Question 18

What did Mathur VanderWeele conclude in their meta analysis?

Answer 18

There is consistent, but small, detrimental effects of violent video games on aggressive behaviour