Week 7 - Learning

Question 1

Simple form of learning

Answer 1

Habituation

Question 2

Occurs when a stimulus is presented repeatedly and the response weakens

Answer 2

Habituation

Question 3

Russian physiologist - Pavlov provided theoretical basis for____

Answer 3

Classical conditioning

Question 4

The _____ involuntarily elicits the UCR

Answer 4

Unconditioned stimulus
i,.e food, puff in the eye, hot stove

Question 5

The ____ is an innate or unlearned response to

Answer 5

Unconditioned response
is a reflex and response of autonomic nervous system

Question 6

Starts as a neutral event (does not elicit UCR)

Answer 6

Conditioned stimulus
i.e. bell, buzzer, electric can opener

Question 7

the ___ is a learnt response to the CS

Answer 7

Conditioned Response

Question 8

Occurs because the UCS and CS were paired

Answer 8

Conditioned Response

Question 9

A phobia is an excessive and irrational fear of an object, place or situation

Answer 9

excessive and irrational

Question 10

Reinforcement

Answer 10

The actual pairing of the two stimuli - CS & UCS

Question 11

Several pairings of CS & UCS are usually needed before CR is fully developed

Answer 11

Acquisition

Question 12

Repeatedly presenting CS without UCS

Answer 12

Extinction

Question 13

Conditioned responses reappear, is never permanently destroyed

Answer 13

Spontaneous Recovery

Question 14

Most similar stimuli will elicit most CRs (conditioned responses)

Answer 14

Generalisation

Question 15

Opposite of generalization, subject learns to respond to one stimulus only

Answer 15

Discrimination

Question 16

Classical conditioning: What is the response

Answer 16

Unconditioned response UCR

Question 17

Classical Conditioning: What originally caused the response?

Answer 17

Unconditioned stimulus UCS

Question 18

Classical Conditioning: What is causing the response?

Answer 18

NS/CS Neutral stimulus / conditioned stimulus

Question 19

Classical Conditioning: What is the learned response?

Answer 19

Conditioned response CR

Question 20

Reinforcer after fixed number of non-reinforced responses

Answer 20

Fixed Ratio

Question 21

reinforcer given after variable number of non-reinforced responses (pokie machines)

Answer 21

Variable Ratio

Question 22

Reinforces first response after a fixed period of time has elapsed

Answer 22

Fixed Interval

Question 23

Reinforces first response after a variable period time has elapsed

Answer 23

Variable Interval

Question 24

Operant conditioning: Initial stage of learning a new pattern of responding - gradual process

Answer 24

Acquisitioning

Question 25

Operant conditioning: Needed if organism does not, on its own emit the desired response. Need to teach/shape that behaviour.

Answer 25

Shaping

Question 26

Operant conditioning: Procedure involves no longer following the operant response with a reinforcer

Answer 26

Extinction

Question 27

Operant conditioning: Occurs if the organism still makes responses after reinforcement has stopped

Answer 27

Resistance to extinction

Question 28

Operant conditioning; After session of extinction and time away from Skinner box, the extinguished bar response may reappear

Answer 28

Spontaneous recovery

Question 29

Operant conditioning: Generalization

Answer 29

Responses made in presence of stimuli that are similar to original discriminative stimulus used in conditioning

Question 30

Operant conditioning: Discrimination

Answer 30

Involves lack of response to stimuli similar, has to be exact.

Question 31

Operant conditioning: A positive outcome is more likely to strengthen a response if it immediately follows the response

Answer 31

Delayed reinforcement

Question 32

Operant conditioning: After repeated pairings with a primary reinforcer (unconditioned) a secondary reinforcer (conditioned) can also act as a reinforcer

Answer 32

Conditioned reinforcement

Question 33

+ adding something nice, given a reward

Answer 33

Positive reinforcement

Question 34

+ giving something unpleasant

Answer 34

Positive punishment

Question 35

- Take something nice away

Answer 35

Negative punishment

Question 36

- remove a horrible stimulus

Answer 36

Negative reinforcement

Question 37

Is a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are paired together repeatedly.

Answer 37

classical conditioning

Question 38

is a method of learning that employs rewards and punishments for behavior

Answer 38

Operant conditioning

Question 39

Reinforcement Schedules ratio denotes the ______

Answer 39

amount

Question 40

Reinforcement Schedules Interval denotes the ______

Answer 40

time

Question 41

Albert Bandura, proposed that learning occurs through observation, imitation, and modeling and is influenced by factors such as attention, motivation, attitudes, and emotions. What theory is this?

Answer 41

Social Learnign theory

Question 42

Token economy is used for _______

Answer 42

behavior modification

Question 43

4 necessary components for successful modelling: Social Learning Theory

Answer 43

1. Attention to the modelled response 2. Retention in memory of the modelled response 3. Motor reproduction ability to carry out the modelled response 4. Motivation or incentive to display the modelling response