Week 8 Flashcards
1
Q
IgE antibodies bind to an immune cell called __________
A
mast cells
2
Q
Mast cells dump antibodies and activate ________ receptors
A
histamine 1
3
Q
allergic rhinitis is called __________
A
hay fever
4
Q
Allergic rhinitis meds:
1.
2.
3.
A
- antihistamines
- nasal glucocorticoids
- decongestants
5
Q
First Gen Antihistamines:
1.
2.
3
A
- Diphenhydramine
- Hydroxyzine
- Promethazine
6
Q
Second Gen Antihistamines:
1.
2.
3.
4.
A
- Loratadine
- Cetirizine
- Desloratadine
- Fexofenadine
7
Q
First gen antihistamines are prescribed for ______, _____, ____, _______, ______, and _______
A
allergic reaction, motion sickness, cough, insomnia, itching and extrapyramidal symptoms
8
Q
Second gen antihistamines are more selective to histamine receptors and do not easily cross the blood brain barrier?
A
True
9
Q
Second gen antihistamines are prescribed for __________
A
allergic rhinitis
10
Q
Antihistamine block ________ from binding to histamine 1 receptors
A
histamine (prevent allergic rhinitis)
11
Q
First gen antihistamines cross the blood brain barrier and block ________
A
histamine
12
Q
Histamine in the brain maintains ___________
A
wakefulness
13
Q
First gen antihistamines and __________ interaction should be limited
A
CNS depressants
14
Q
First gen antihistamines
block acetylcholine
and causes ________ effects
A
anticholinergic
15
Q
Nasal glucocorticoids meds:
1.
2.
A
- fluticasone
- mometasone
16
Q
glucocorticoids prevent the immune system from creating _________
A
inflammation
17
Q
nasal glucocorticoid HYC:
1. Time Frame- Its take about one ____ to reach maximal effect
- Nose Bleeds: Drys the nasal mucosa and lead to ______
- Administration: ______ and prime if its been a long time
A
- week
- bloody nose (epistaxis)
- shake
18
Q
Decongestant Meds:
1.
2.
A
- phenylephrine
- pseudoephedrine
19
Q
Alpha 1 receptors cause _________
A
vasoconstriction
20
Q
phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine activate _______ receptors
A
alpha 1
21
Q
Decongestant HYC:
1. Increased sympathetic stimulation - CNS effects include ____, ______, ____, ____. Cardiac effect include _______, and _______.
- Illegal use - pseudoephedrine is a key ingredient in making ___________
A
- CNS effect - headache, insomnia, poor appetite, jitteriness.
Cardiac effect - hypertension, and tachycardia - crystal methamphetamine (limits to how much you can buy and some states require a prescription)
22
Q
Client with hypertension or cardiac disease should avoid ________
A
decongestants
23
Q
the most common dysrhythmia is ______ fibrillation
A
atrial
24
Q
_____ wave should be at th start of every heartbeat
A
P
25
chaotic heart rhythm can cause blood to get trapped in the ________, which forms blood clots
atria
26
Blood clot can float away and get stuck in the brain vessels, causing a ________
clot
27
Digoxin is an important medication for ___________
atrial fibrillation
28
________ is class III and prescribed for many dysrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation
Amiodarone
29
Amoidarone blocks _______ channels in the heart. It also blocks _________, _______ and _______
potassium
sodium channel,
beta receptors,
calcium channel
30
Amoidarone is ______ soluble and has a _______ half life
lipid, long
31
Patient taking Amoidarone develop:
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. lung problem
2. Liver issues
3. thyroid problems
4. eye problems
32
Baseline testing of the _______, _____, ______, ______ is good to preform before beginning long term amiodarone therapy
lungs, liver, thyroid, eyes
33
Amiodarone and other dysrhythmia meds can cause ________ heart problems or create new ones
worsen
34
Adenosine rapidly convert ______ into normal sinus rhythm
SVT
35
Adenosine _______ electrical activity in the SA and AV nodes
slows
36
Adenosine has a very _______ half life.
short
37
Adenosine must be pushed in _______ secs and _______ immediately afterwards
1-2, flush (rapid push cause heart to reset
38
angina pectoris is _______ pain
chest
39
imbalance between the supply and demand of oxygen is called ________
ischemia
40
T/F: Stable gain occurs when a client has complete blockage of a coronary artery
False: partial block
41
The client feel no pain at rest but feels pain during physical of emotional stress is called ________
stable
42
In _________ plaques in a coronary artery suddenly rupture.
unstable angina
43
a small clot partially occludes the vessel in __________
unstable angina
44
Unstable angina can happen at any time and is considered a medical ________. It can progress to a heart attack.
emergency
45
Variant angina clients have coronary arteries that ________
spasm
46
T/F: Variant angina can happen while clients are resting or sleeping
T
47
Angina pain occurs beneath the ________. The pain feels like ________ and pain radiates to the _______ arm and jaw.
1. sternum,
2. squeezing,
3. left
48
Anginal ischemia and pain meds:
1.
2.
3.
1. Nitrates
2. Beta - blockers
3. Calcium channel blockers
49
Nitrates Meds:
1.
2.
3.
1. nitroglycerin
2. Isosorbide mononitrate
3. Isosorbide denigrate
50
Nitroglycerin is available as ________, _______, ______, ________, _______ and _______
sublingual tablets, translingual sprays, oral capsules, transdermal patches, topical ointment and IV injection
51
Nitrates are prescribed for ______ and _______
1. angina pectoris,
2. acute heart attacks
52
The body converts nitrates to _________
nitric oxide
53
Nitric oxide is turned into ________
cyclic GMP
54
Cyclic GMP causes _________, and _________
therapeutic effect, vasodilation
55
less blood to pump means the heart needs less ________
oxygen
56
Nitrates HYCs:
1) ______________: widespread dilation causes......
2. __________: the most common side effect. Aspirin or acetaminophen will help stop it......
3. _____________: Take med at the _________ of chest pain and let it dissolve. If pain is still present after ______ min, call 911. After another 5 min, if pain persist take another pill. This equals a total of ____ pills
1. orthostatic hypotension
2. headache
3. teaching for sublingual nitroglycerin: beginning, 5, 3.
57
Nitrates come in a special storage container that protects the meds from ________
moisture
58
Clients need _______ hrs of drug free time if taking capsule or using transdermal formulations
8
59
Clients cannot take nitrates and ___________ drugs. It causes life threatening __________.
1. erectile dysfunction
2. hypotension
60
High cholesterol and high blood pressure can lead to the buildup of fatty streaks in arteries called ____________
atherosclerosis
61
High density protein is mostly _________
protein
62
Low density protein (LDL) is mostly __________ but contains some ___________
1. cholesterol
2. protein
63
Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is made almost completely out of _________ and ___________
1. cholesterol
2. triglycerides
64
Types of cholesterol from worst to best:
__________, _________, _________
1. VLDL
2. LDL
3. HDL
65
____________ changes are the most important approach to managing cholesterol
fatty lipid diet
66
Cholesterol Meds:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6
1. HMG- CoA reductase Inhibitors (statins)
2. Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
3. vibrates
4. Bile- acid sequestrates
5. Monoclonal antibodies
6. Vitamin B3 (niacin)
67
Statin Meds:
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. Atorvastatin
2. Lovastatin
3. Rosuvastatin
4. Simvastatin
68
Statin are prescribed to help prevent __________ and _______
heart attacks, and strokes
69
Partway through the cholesterol formation process, a molecule called _________ is formed
HMG- CoA
70
After HMG-CoA is formed an enzyme called ___________ chops off part of it, leaving something called ___________
1. HMH-CoA reductase
2. mevalonate
71
Mevalonate is an essential building block for _________
cholesterol
72
___________ block the action of the enzyme ___________ and halt the formation of cholesterol.
1. statins
2. HMG- CoA reductase
73
Statins HYC:
1. _____________: Elevated liver enzymes occur in about 0.5% to 2%
hepatotoxicity
74
Statins HYC:
2: Muscle aches and pain associated with statins is called ___________
myopathy
75
Statin HYC:
Myopathy can progress to ___________. Causes Damage to the __________. A key sign is _______ urine.
1. rhabdomyolysis
2.kidney
3. dark
76
Prescriber may want to order a ______ level if client on statin has muscle pain or dark urine
CK
77
Statin HYC:
Time of Dose: Its best to take these meds in the ________. Cholesterol production increases during the ______
1. evening
2. day
78
Lovastatin should be taken with supper since food _______ absorption
increase
79
Statin HYC:
1. Food interaction: Client taking statins should avoid _________
2. Contraindications: Statins are contraindicated if a patient has active liver disease or is _________
1. grapefruit
2. pregnant
80
Ezetimibe is prescribed to lower _________
cholesterol
81
___________ binds to the proteins in the GI tract responsible for absorbing dietary cholesterol.
Ezetimibe
82
Ezetimibe works better when combined with a ________
statin
83
Ezetimibe slightly increases the risk of ______ and _________
myopathy and hepatoxicity
84
Fibrates Meds:
1.
2.
1. Fenofibrate
2. Gemfibrozil
85
Fibrates are prescribed for high ______ and _____
VLDL, LDL
86
Fibrates lower ____ and increase _____
VLDL, HDL
87
Fibrates adverse affects are:
1.
2.
3
1. myopathy
2. hepatotoxicity
3. gallstones
