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Pharmacology ex.1 > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

An autoimmune disease that attacks acetylcholine receptors on skeletal muscles

A

Myasthenia gravis

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2
Q

Symptoms of Myasthenia gravis

A

double vision (diplopia), drooping of the eyelids(ptosis), difficulty swallowing, and skeletal muscle weakness

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3
Q

Myasthenia gravis meds

A
  1. Cholinesterase inhibitors
  2. Immunosuppressive drugs
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4
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

A
  1. Neostigimine
  2. Pyridostigmine
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5
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors common uses

A

1.Treat symptoms of myasthenia gravis
2.reverse certain nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents

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6
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors MOA

A

1.Motor neurons release acetylcholine, causing muscle contraction
2. Cholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine
3. Cholinesterase inhibitors temporarily bind to cholinesterase, slowing it down
4. Acetylcholine levels rise and produce stronger muscle contraction

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7
Q

Anytime you give a PO medication you should assess a person’s ____________

A

swallowing ability

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8
Q

Assess swallowing ability by asking patient to take a few sips of ____________

A

water

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9
Q

The doses of myasthenia gravis meds often need ____________

A

adjusting

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10
Q

Cholinesterase Inhibitors HYC:

  1. Signs of under medication include ______ and _______.
  2. Overmedication is excessive ________
  3. High levels cause _________
A
  1. ptosis and difficulty swallowing
  2. parental (IV)
  3. cholinergic crisis
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11
Q

Cholinergic crisis symptoms (SLUDGE and Killer Bs)

A

Salivation
Lacrimation (excessive tearing)
Urination
Diaphoresis/ Diarrhea
Gastrointestinal cramping
Emesis (vomiting)
Bradycardia, Bronchospasm, and Bronchorrhea (watery sputum)

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12
Q

Neurons that sense pain are called ________

A

nociceptors

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13
Q

Types of pain

A
  1. nociceptive pain
  2. neuropathic pain
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14
Q

Pain that occurs when intact nerves are stimulated by actual or potential tissue damage

A

nociceptive pain

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15
Q

Pain caused by damage to the nerve fibers themselves. Common conditions are shingles and diabetic neuropathy

A

neuropathic pain

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16
Q

Pain that persists for 6 months or longer is __________

A

chronic pain

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17
Q

Vital sign changes include:

A

increased heart rate, increased blood pressure and decreased respiratory rate.

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18
Q

Pain Meds

A
  1. Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)
  2. Acetaminophen
  3. Opioids
  4. Neuropathic pain medications
  5. Muscle Relaxers & Antispasmodics
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19
Q

NSAIDS meds

A
  1. Aspirin
  2. Ibuprofen
  3. Naproxen
  4. Ketorolac
  5. Celecoxib
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20
Q

NSAIDs are prescribed for _______, ___________, ________, and _______

A

pain, inflammation, fever and arthritis

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21
Q

Aspirin decreases _______ and ______

A

heart attacks and strokes

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22
Q

COX-1 and COX-2 convert arachidonic acid into ________

A

prostaglandins

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23
Q

NSAIDs inhibit the conversion of ________ into _________ (Cox-1 and Cox-2)

A

arachidonic acid, prostaglandins

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24
Q

Inhibiting COX-1 causes ______, _______, _______

A

stomach ulcers, decreased blood clotting and decreased kidney blood flow

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25
Inhibiting COX-2 decreases ______, ______ ,______
pain, inflammation, and fever
26
NSAIDs HYC NSAIDs cause
1. gastrointestinal problems (bleeding, dark stools, take with food or milk) 2. Renal impairment - harmful to kidney, monitor BUN and creatinine 3. Heart attacks & strokes - All except aspirin increase risk. NSAIDs the inhibit COX-2 cause greatest risk
27
Aspirin overdose ( salicylism) manifestations include:
1.ear ringing or buzzing (tinetis) 2. sweating 3. headaches 4. dizziness 5. Blood ph imbalances
28
Aspirin overdose treatment include:
1. charcoal 2. intravenous fluids 3. sodium bicarbonate 4. dialysis
29
Aspirin causes ________
Reyes syndrome - swelling of brain and liver
30
Ketorolac should be take for _____ days due to risk of causing gastrointestinal _______
1. 5 2. bleed
31
Acetaminophen only works in the _______ system
central nervous system
32
Acetaminophen decrease ______ and _____
pain and fever
33
Daily max dose of acetaminophen is ______ mg
3000
34
Risk groups for acetaminophen liver toxicity
1. Malnourished individuals 2. regular consumers of alcohol 3. people with liver disease
35
the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity is __________
acetylcysteine (most effective within 8-10 hrs of overdose)
36
Opioid meds
1. codeine 2. fentanyl 3. hydrocodone 4. hydromorphone 5. meperidine 6. morphine 7. oxycodone
37
Opioids activate ___ and ______ receptors in the _____
mu kappa CNS
38
Opioids causes _______, _______, _______
neuronal activity decrease sedation decrease pain transmission
39
Opioid receptors trigger _______
pain relieving effect and CNS depression
40
Frequent opioid doses are given through _______ pump
PCA
41
_______ is formulated as a patch
fentanyl
42
Fentanyl patch provide relief for ____ hours. Half life is _____ hrs
72, 2-4
43
Dispose of fentanyl patches in the ________
toilet
44
_______ is an antidote for opioid toxicity
naloxone
45
Naloxone is an opioid ________
antagonist
46
Naloxone half life is ______ mins
45
47
Opioids in the GI tract cause _______
constipation (prescribed constipation med and high fiber diet)
48
Clients taking opioids can also experience _______, _____ and _____
itching (pruritus) nausea and vomiting treatment: 1. diphenhydramine for itching 2. antiemetic for nausea
49
Local anesthetic med
Iidocaine
50
Lidocaine is used for _______ pain and _________ procedures in patch formation
neuropathic, surgical
51
Lidocaine block ______ channels along the axon
sodium (block electrical conduction)
52
Epinephrine is a strong vasoconstrictor added to _______
lidocaine
53
Epinephrine with lidocaine decreases _______
bleeding
54
Never inject lidocaine with epinephrine into finger, toes, and hose (causes necrosis)
55
Topical version of lidocaine and prilocaine is ________
EMLA cream
56
EMLA cream is absorbs after _______ hr
1
57
Administer EMLA before _______ procedure
painful
58
For localized pain relief _______ has a patch formulation
lidocaine
59
Lidocaine patch reaches peak effect after ______ hrs
4
60
Neuropathic pain meds
1. gabapentin 2. pregabalin
61
neuropathic pain meds are prescribed for ______ and _______
seizure and neuropathic pain
62
Gabapentin and pregabalin help increase ______ activity in the brain
GABA
63
Gabapentin and pregabalin cause some ______ and ______
sedation and swelling
64
muscle relaxers & antispasmodic meds
1. cyclobenzaprine 2. baclofen 3. dantrolene
65
MR&A meds are used for:
muscle spasms, spasticity, spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis
66
MR&As act within the _____ and increase ______ activity
CNS, gaba
67
________ works directly on skeletal muscle and suppresses the release of calcium
Dantrolene
68
MR&As cause _______ depression
CNS
69
Abrupt discontinuation of _______ is associated with visual hallucinations, paranoid ideation and seizures
Baclofen
70
Dantrolene most serious risk is _______
hepatoxicity (high risk in women greater than 35 years)
71
_________ treat malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene

Pharmacology ex.1 (6 decks)

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