Week 2

Question 1

Polypharmacy

Answer 1

more than one medicine

Question 2

Adverse Drug Reaction in 65 yrs old

Answer 2

1. Drug interactions
2. Liver and kidney decline

Question 3

Albumin

Answer 3

1. large binding protein molecule
2. Inactivate drug molecules once stuck
3. Albumin decreases in older adults

Question 4

Pharmacokinetic Factors in Pregnant Women

Answer 4

1. Nausea and vomiting
2. liver and kidney function increases (need to increase doses)

Question 5

Teratogens

Answer 5

Medications that are harmful to the fetus.
Contraindicated in pregnant women
Cause defects 10% of the time

Question 6

FDA medication categories

Answer 6

A: Good meds
B: Meds that are safe in animal studies
C: Meds that produced adverse effects
D: Meds that caused problems during pregnancy
X: Meds that caused serious problems and must be avoided

Question 7

What vaccine must pregnant women avoid

Answer 7

Live virus vaccine

Question 8

80% of drugs removed from market effected _________

Answer 8

Women

Question 9

Women metabolize _______

Answer 9

Slower

Question 10

_______ of pharmaceutical drugs come from nature

Answer 10

30%

Question 11

Difference between herbals and regular medication:

Answer 11

1. variation and purity
2. efficacy

Question 12

3 ways herbal and supplements interact

Answer 12

1. Herbals and supplements have same effect as med causing the effect to be too strong.
2. H&S have opposing effects on meds
3. H&S are metabolized be the same enzyme causing drug level to be too high or low.

Question 13

Black cohosh reduce ________

Answer 13

menopause

Question 14

Echinacea stimulates __________

Answer 14

the immune system

Question 15

Feverfew helps reduce __________

Answer 15

migraines

Question 16

Garlic can lower blood _______

Answer 16

pressure

Question 17

Ginger root help relieve __________

Answer 17

nausea

Question 18

Gingko Biloba protects against _______

Answer 18

Alzheimer’s disease
Risk: bleeding (same risk as the others)

Question 19

Glucosamine can help ________

Answer 19

osteoarthritis

Question 20

Kava helps reduce ________

Answer 20

Anxiety

Question 21

Saw palmetto may help reduce _________

Answer 21

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 22

St. John’s Wort helps treat ________

Answer 22

mild depression

Question 23

Valerian can help treat _________

Answer 23

insomnia

Question 24

Adverse effect

Answer 24

Any extra effect that you do not wish to happen (side affects are milder)

Question 25

Contraindications

Answer 25

Drugs that a client should avoid

Question 26

Precautions

Answer 26

these warn you that an client is at a higher risk of experiencing adverse effects (less serious than contraindications)

Question 27

Medicines that are tricky to get in a therapeutic index has a _______ range

Answer 27

narrow

Question 28

CNS depressants are like a ______ pedal

Answer 28

brake

Question 29

Its best to take CNS depressant at _______

Answer 29

bedtime

Question 30

CNS stimulant press on the _______ pedal

Answer 30

gas

Question 31

CNS stimulants cause:

Answer 31

anxiety, irritability, insomnia and seizure

Question 32

CNS stimulant should be taken in the ________

Answer 32

morning

Question 33

Pyramidal nuerons initiate ___________

Answer 33

muscle movement

Question 34

Extrapyramidal nuerons stimulate _____

Answer 34

involuntary muscle movement and tone

Question 35

The four EPSs:

Answer 35

Acute dystonia akathisia Parkinsonism Tardive dyskinesia

Question 36

Acute dystonia

Answer 36

sudden severe spasm of large muscle groups

Question 37

Akathsia

Answer 37

Constant squirming, and inability to sit

Question 38

Parkinsonism

Answer 38

1. Similar to parkinson's but caused by drug 2. Shows slow movement, loss of facial expression, drooling, rigidity, tremors, stooped posture, shuffling gait.

Question 39

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 39

1. Occurs late in treatment (greater than 6mo 2. abnormal movement of mouth, tongue, facial grimacing, twisting movements of the extremities and trunk.

Question 40

Cholinergic meds activate the ___________ system

Answer 40

parasympathetic

Question 41

Anticholinergic meds interfere with the __________ system

Answer 41

parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Question 42

Anticholinergic side effects

Answer 42

Can't see Can't spit Can't pee Can't defecate

Question 43

How to alleviate orthostatic hypotension (downward blood flow)

Answer 43

1. Change positions slowly 2. Drink plenty of water 3. Wear support hoses

Question 44

torsades de pointes

Answer 44

abnormal heart rhythm (twisting of the points) leads to ventricular fibrillation

Question 45

Gastrointestinal effects

Answer 45

1. Upset stomach (NSAIDS) 2. Constipation (opioids)

Question 46

Neutropenia - a loss of _____ blood cells

Answer 46

white

Question 47

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 47

a loss of platelets

Question 48

Hemolytic anemia

Answer 48

A premature loss of red blood cells

Question 49

Liver failure lab tests

Answer 49

1. ASE 2. ALT

Question 50

Liver failure signs

Answer 50

Jaundice anorexia upper abdominal pain nausea, vomiting and diaherra dark urine insomnia clay colored stool ecchymosis

Question 51

Kidney Lab Test

Answer 51

BUN creatinine

Question 52

Most likely drug that cause anaphylaxis

Answer 52

penicillin