Week 8

Question 1

This are parasites which inhabits the tissue and the blood of human with the aid of vectors

Answer 1

HEMOFLAGELLATES

Question 2

Member Species of hemoflagellates

Answer 2

Leishmania spp.
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Trypanosoma cruzi

Question 3

Found in peripheral blood

Answer 3

trypomastigote

Question 4

vector

Answer 4

epimastigote

Question 5

found in tissue

Answer 5

amastigote

Question 6

can be found in human

Answer 6

promastigote

Question 7

Structural Parts: basal body in certain flagellated protozoans that consists of a minute mass of chromatin embedded in the cytoplasm at the base of the flagellum

Answer 7

Blepharoplast

Question 8

Structural Parts: is a disk shaped mass of circular DNAs inside a large mitochondrion that contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome

Answer 8

Kinetoplast

Question 9

Structural Parts: a locomotory organelle of certain flagellate parasites, consisting of a finlike extension of the limiting membrane with the flagellar sheath; wavelike rippling of the undulating membrane produces a characteristics movement

Answer 9

Undulating membrane

Question 10

What are the two parasites in undulating membrane

Answer 10

trypanosome and trichomonad

Question 11

found in cardiac muscle

Answer 11

amastigote

Question 12

Trypanosoma Cruzi:
Found trypanosome on the intestine of a triatomid bug were the ssame parasite found in a child suffering from fever and enlargement of lymph nodes

Answer 12

Carlos Chagas

Question 13

Trypanosoma Cruzi: exhibits all four stage of development

Answer 13

1. Amastigote
2. Promastigote
3. Epimastigote
4. Trypomastigote

Question 14

Trypanosoma Cruzi:
Biological Vector: Meaning of TRACK

Answer 14

Triatomine bugs
Reduviid bugs
Assassin bugs
Conenose bugs
Kissing bigs

Question 15

Trypanosoma Cruzi
Biological Vector: Genera

Answer 15

Triatoma
Rhodnius
Panstrongylus

Question 16

Disease: Chagas disease or American Trypanosomiasis
An intracellular parasite

Answer 16

Trypanosoma Cruzi

Question 17

Trypanosoma Cruzi:
Modes of Transmission

-natural transmission by triatomine bugs through blood
-meal/contamination with infected feces

Answer 17

Vector

Question 18

Trypanosoma cruzi:
Modes of Transmission

-a prevalent mode of transmission in urban area. Gentian violet (24 hr) eliminates parasite in blood

Answer 18

Transfusion

Question 19

Trypanosoma Cruzi:
Modes of Transmission

-occurs during any stage of T. cruzi infection. Can result in premature labor, abortion or neonatal defects

Answer 19

Congenital

Question 20

Trypanosoma Cruzi:
Modes of Transmission

-ingestion of food contaminated with metacyclic trypomastigotes

Answer 20

Accidental

Question 21

Trypanosoma Cruzi:
Types of Biologic Vector

-transmission via mouth parts
-very efficient
-infection rate in vector is low

Answer 21

SALIVARIAN

Question 22

Trypanosoma Cruzi:
Types of Biologic Vector

-hind gut station: acquired from feces or eating the vector
-inefficient
-infection rate

Answer 22

STERCORALIAN

Question 23

Pathogenesis

-active infection
-1-4 months duration
-most are asymptomatic (children most likely to be symptomatic)

Answer 23

Acute Phase

Question 24

Pathogenesis:
-10-30 years of latency
-relatively asymptomatic with no detectable parasitemia
-seropositive

Answer 24

Indeterminate Phase

Question 25

Pathogenesis: -10 to 30% of infected exhibit cardio-myopathy or megasyndromes

Answer 25

Chronic Phase

Question 26

Acute Phase: incubation period

Answer 26

1-2 week

Question 27

Acute Phase: incubation period

Answer 27

1-2 week

Question 28

Acute Phase Features: edema of the eyelid and conjunctiva

Answer 28

Romaña's sign

Question 29

Acute Phase Features: inflammation at the site of inoculation

Answer 29

Chagoma

Question 30

-long latency characterized by seropositivity and no parasitemia -higher prevalence of ECG abnormalities in asymptomatic seropositive persons -progressive development of abnormalities

Answer 30

Chronic Chagas' Cardiomyopathy

Question 31

Amastigotes of T. cruzi would be indistinguishable from those of?

Answer 31

L.donovoni

Question 32

Diagnosis: detection of parasite

Answer 32

acute stage

Question 33

Diagnosis: serology

Answer 33

chronic stage

Question 34

Diagnosis: allow triatomine bugs to feed on patient and look 10-30 days later for flagellates

Answer 34

Xenodiagnosis

Question 35

Clinical Manifestation: Winterbottom's sign (enlarged, non-tender posterior cervical lymph nodes with a consistency of ripe pulms

Answer 35

Gambian trypaanosomiasis

Question 36

Leishmania have two morphological forms:

Answer 36

Amastigote Promastigote

Question 37

Leishmania have two morphological forms:

Answer 37

Amastigote Promastigote

Question 38

Leishmania spp. -infective stage -have single free flagellum arising from -kinetoplast at the anterior end

Answer 38

Promastigote

Question 39

Leishmania SPP: Promastigote in the proboscis of the insect vector and the one that grow in

Answer 39

Artificial Media

Question 40

Lives intracellularly in monocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and endothelial cells of the vertebrate host

Answer 40

Amastigotes

Question 41

Leishmania Transmission:

Answer 41

rodents, dogs, foxes, and jackals