Week 8ab Physical Activity, Obesity, Diabetes

Question 1

Learning Objectives

Answer 1

1. Understand the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the health risk posed
2. Understand factors that mediate the development of obesity
3. Understand the role of physical activity in obesity prevention

4.understand the role of exercise in the prevention and management of T2D

Question 2

BMI

Answer 2

Body mass index
- Used clinical standard to estimate obesity

Question 3

Obesity

Answer 3

Increased risk of:
- Type 2 diabetes
- Cardiovascular disease
- Hypertension 高血壓
- Dyslipidemia 血脂異常
- Cancers
- Mortality

Question 4

Overweight and obesity

Answer 4

Trend to develop of metabolic syndrome
including:
High blood pressure
High blood glucose
Dyslipidemia
Abdominal adiposity

all these risk associated with higher mortality risk

Question 5

Weight control

Answer 5

reflect changes in balance between
1. Energy intake
2. Energy expenditure
- Resting metabolic rate
- Thermic effect of a meal
- Thermic effect of activity

Question 6

Etiology of obesity

Answer 6

Genetic component
- Due to genetic factors, the proportions of weight gain with increasing dietary energy intake

Question 7

Etiology of obesity

Answer 7

Genetic is not the main obesity epidemic
*Increase energy intake
*Decrease energy expenditure

Question 8

Treatment of obesity

Answer 8

1. Reduce dietary intake in order to loss weight

High carbohydrate diet
-> losese the same amount of weight
Low carbohydrate diet
->higher in getting heart diease
-> high in saturated fat

different nutrient profile result in different metabolic changes

2. Increase physical activity
   - ↑ energy expenditure
   if only doing exercise just for maintaining the lean mass

Exercise ↑ energy expenditure

3. ↑ or maintain resting metabolic rate
4. Appetite regulation
   -> Sedentary lifestyle reduce ability to regulate appetite
   compared with the people in active, they have better energy intake and expenditure
   -> Exercise control suppresses appetite
   that ↑ catecholamines and core temp.

Question 9

Diabetes

Answer 9

Indicated by high blood glucose concen.
result in
1. insufficient insulin production by pancreas
2. inability of insulin to facilitate transport of glucose into cell

Question 10

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 10

insufficient insulin production by pancreas

Auto-immune disease
- The immune system attack beta cell as pancreas lost ability to produce insulin

Question 11

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 11

Inability of insulin to facilitate transport of glucose into cells
- becoming inuslin resistance
as result of secondary to overweight

Etiology
- Overweight promotes insulin resistance
- pancreas results in producing more insulin to compensate
- Become insulin dependent as the beta cells dead by more production of insulin

↑ complications as poor control of blood glucose

Question 12

Diabetes symptoms

Answer 12

Type 1 diabetes
abnormal weight loss
extreme hunger
extreme fatigue

Type 2 diabetes
any symptoms of type 1 diabetes
-blurred vision/sudden vision changes
-REcurring skin
Sores slow to heal

Question 13

Health problems

Answer 13

Increase risk of..
Coronary artery disease
- Kidney disease
Nervous system disease
- Amputations