Week 9

Question 1

What are the bones of the hand from distal to proximal?

Answer 1

Distal phalanges, middle phalanges, proximal phalanges, metacarpals, distal carpal row, proximal carpal row.

Question 2

How many carpal bones are in the wrist?

Answer 2

8 carpal bones.

Question 3

What are the joints of the hand from fingertip to wrist?

Answer 3

Distal interphalangeal (DIP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP), metacarpophalangeal (MCP), carpometacarpal (CMC), midcarpal, radiocarpal.

Question 4

Where is the 1st carpometacarpal joint located?

Answer 4

Between the trapezium and the base of the 1st metacarpal (thumb).

Question 5

What ligaments stabilize the MCP and IP joints?

Answer 5

Collateral ligaments and volar plates.

Question 6

When are the MCP collateral ligaments taut?

Answer 6

In MCP flexion.

Question 7

When are the IP collateral ligaments taut?

Answer 7

In MCP extension.

Question 8

What are the two main arterial arches in the hand?

Answer 8

Superficial and deep palmar arches.

Question 9

Which arteries contribute to the hand’s blood supply?

Answer 9

Radial and ulnar arteries.

Question 10

What part of the hand does the radial nerve supply?

Answer 10

Skin over the dorsoradial aspect; no intrinsic muscles.

Question 11

What part of the hand does the median nerve supply?

Answer 11

Palmar radial side, thenar muscles, lateral 2 lumbricals.

Question 12

What part of the hand does the ulnar nerve supply?

Answer 12

Palmar ulnar side, hypothenar and most intrinsic muscles.

Question 13

Which nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 13

Median nerve.

Question 14

Where do extrinsic hand muscles originate?

Answer 14

In the forearm.

Question 15

What muscle inserts on the middle phalanx?

Answer 15

Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS).

Question 16

What muscle inserts on the distal phalanx?

Answer 16

Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP).

Question 17

What structure holds the flexor tendons to bone?

Answer 17

Annular and cruciate ligaments.

Question 18

What are the three main thenar muscles?

Answer 18

Opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis.

Question 19

What is the function of opponens pollicis?

Answer 19

Opposes the thumb.

Question 20

What nerve supplies the thenar muscles?

Answer 20

Median nerve (except deep head of flexor pollicis brevis, which may be ulnar).

Question 21

What are the three hypothenar muscles?

Answer 21

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi.

Question 22

What is the nerve supply to hypothenar muscles?

Answer 22

Ulnar nerve.

Question 23

What is the function of dorsal and palmar interossei?

Answer 23

Dorsal abduct (DAB), palmar adduct (PAD) the fingers.

Question 24

What nerve innervates the interossei?

Answer 24

Ulnar nerve.

Question 25

What is the function of lumbricals?

Answer 25

Flex MCP joints and extend IP joints.

Question 26

What is the nerve supply to lumbricals?

Answer 26

Lateral 2 by median nerve; medial 2 by ulnar nerve.

Question 27

What muscle extends the fingers?

Answer 27

Extensor digitorum.

Question 28

Where does supination occur?

Answer 28

At the proximal and distal radioulnar joints.

Question 29

What muscles flex the elbow?

Answer 29

Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis.

Question 30

What structure passes through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 30

Median nerve and flexor tendons.

Question 31

What are the functions of the three general wrist ligaments?

Answer 31

- link radius and ulnar - link carpal bones to radius and ulnar - link carpal bones

Question 32

What are the functions of the annular and cruciate ligaments on the digits?

Answer 32

- form a fibro-osseous tunnel - hold the flexor tendons to the bone

Question 33

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

Answer 33

- thenar: opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis - innervated by median and ulnar nerve - hypothenar: opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi, innervated by the ulnar nerve - interossei: abduct and adduct at the MCP joint, innervated by the ulnar nerve - lumbricals: flex at the MCP joint and extend at the IP joint, innervated by median and ulnar nerves