Week 9 - GI emergencies and nutrition

Question 1

What are the 4 liver enzymes?

Answer 1

AST - necrosis
ALKP - obstructions. P = plug
ALT - acute injury
GGT - along with ALKP

Question 2

Name one major protein that is synthesized in the liver and plays a primary role in onctoic pressure?

Answer 2

Albumin

Question 3

Name 3 drugs that can cause liver toxicity

Answer 3

Xylitol
Acetaminophen
Carprofen
Aspirin

Question 4

What are the liver’s primary role

Answer 4

Energy - glucose and carb production
Stores and metabolizes proteins - albumin, prothrombin, factor X, fibrinogen
Clotting factors
Vitamin K - clotting cascade, A, D, E. B12
Iron, copper
Enzymes - ALT, AST, GGT, ALKP
Thermoregulation
Deamination process
Regulate glucose
Coagulation

Question 5

What is the largest gland in the body?

Answer 5

Liver - secretes bile

Question 6

What are the main functioning cells of the liver

Answer 6

Hepatocytes

Question 7

About___% of blood into the liver comes from stomach and small intestines

Answer 7

80%

Question 8

These cells help remove bacteria in the blood which leak in from stomach and intestinal walls

Answer 8

Kupffer cells

Question 9

One important trace element is excreted in bile

Answer 9

Copper

Question 10

What lab work may appear with liver failure?

Answer 10

Hyperbilirubinemia
Hypoglycemia
Increase in NH3
Prolonged coags -PT and aPTT
Low albumin
High ALT, ALKP, GGT, AST

Question 11

High values of this can indicate liver shunt or hepatitis

Answer 11

Ammonia

Question 12

Trace amounts of bilirubin can be normal in ____ (concentrated) and always abnormal in _____

Answer 12

Dogs
Cats

Question 13

How can anemia affect the liver?

Answer 13

Hypoxia leads to decreased production of Vitamin B12, which produces hemoglobin = anemia