Week 9 Learning Outcomes Flashcards
(13 cards)
What are the key components of the digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
Each component plays a crucial role in the overall process of digestion.
What are the different functional divisions of the digestive system?
Ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation
These divisions highlight the sequential processes involved in digestion.
What are the functions of the accessory digestive organs?
Produce enzymes, aid in digestion, secrete bile, assist in nutrient absorption
Accessory organs include the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.
What is the process of digestion?
Breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, eliminating waste
Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical processes.
Define the layers of the gastrointestinal wall.
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
Each layer has distinct functions such as secretion, absorption, and movement.
How does the structure of the gastrointestinal wall relate to its function?
Mucosa for absorption, submucosa for support, muscularis for movement, serosa for protection
The arrangement of these layers facilitates efficient digestion.
What is the arrangement of tissues in the wall of the esophagus?
Mucosa (stratified squamous epithelium), submucosa (connective tissue), muscularis externa (smooth muscle), adventitia
The structure allows for peristalsis and protection against abrasion.
Describe the tissue arrangement in the stomach wall.
Mucosa (simple columnar epithelium), submucosa, muscularis externa (three layers), serosa
The muscular layers enable churning and mixing of food.
How is the wall of the small intestine structured?
Mucosa (villi and microvilli), submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
The villi increase surface area for nutrient absorption.
What is the structure of the large intestine wall?
Mucosa (simple columnar epithelium), submucosa, muscularis externa (taeniae coli), serosa
The taeniae coli help in the movement of fecal matter.
What specialized cell types are found in the stomach?
Parietal cells, chief cells, mucous cells, enteroendocrine cells
Each cell type has specific roles in digestion and hormone secretion.
What specialized cell types are present in the small intestine?
Enterocytes, goblet cells, enteroendocrine cells, Paneth cells
These cells are crucial for nutrient absorption and maintaining intestinal health.
What types of movement are available in the small intestine?
Segmentation, peristalsis
Segmentation mixes food, while peristalsis moves it along the digestive tract.
