Week 9 - Risk Assessment Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are risk and risk factors?
Risk: the likelihood of an adverse event/outcome.
Risk factors: features of illness, behaviours or circumstances that lead to increased risk.
- Dynamic: current changes
- Static: past changes (history)
What is risk assessment and risk formulation?
Risk assessment: estimation of likelihood of particular adverse events under particular circumstances in a specified period of time.
Risk formulation: process summary and organisation of risk data + identification of risk factors. Provides info base for risk management.
What is risk management?
Risk management: aims to minimise likelihood of adverse events within context of the individual + to achieve best possible outcome + deliver safe, appropriate, effective care.
What is a limitation of risk assessment
- Poor predictive validity (more accurate in short term, never 100% accurate)
What is the most important way to minimise risk?
Good clinical management
What are three types of risk?
- risk to self
- risk to others
- risk from others
What are 4 examples of risk to self?
- safety and health
- quality of life
- self-neglect
- cultural/spiritual vulnerability
What are 5 factors that influence risk to self (suicide)?
- suicide predisposing factors
- suicide precipitating (sudden)
- suicide protective factors
- suicide co-existing conditions
- suicide psychological symptoms
What are 5 ideas for a crisis/intervention plan?
- listen and be empathic
- therapeutic relationship
- identify alternatives to suicide
- separate pain from self
- referral to hospital
What are 7 examples of risk to others?
- violence
- intimidation/threats
- neglect/abuse of dependents
- stalking or harassment
- property damage
- public nuisance
- reckless behaviour
What are 4 examples of risk from others?
- physical, sexual, emotional violence/abuse
- neglect
- exposure to violence
- taken advantage of (people with disabilities)
What are 3 influencing factors to consider when assessing risk?
- mental state
- environmental factors
- patient history
What is a risk assessment measure for suicide/self-harm, for violence, and for general MH?
Suicide/self-harm: Suicide Status Form (SSF) by Jobes (2006)
Violence: Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability (START)
General MH: RAPID Risk Assessment (NZ forensic settings)
What is included in a risk statement? (6)
- nature and magnitude of adverse event
- probability of adverse event
- circumstances of adverse event
- precipitating factors
- imminence of risk
- means/access
What are 5 ethical guidelines to consider in risk assessment?
- respect for autonomy/decision-making: informed consent, confidentiality, correct information
- non-maleficence: avoid harm
- beneficence: client’s best interest
- justice: equal access to care, fair treatment
- fidelity: trusting relationship
What are 4 NZ guidelines to consider for risk assessment?
- Re-assess regularly
- involve whanau, offer culturally appropriate services
- provide case notes with assessments
- adequate training and supervision
What are 6 cultural considerations of risk assessment?
- cultural identity, norms and values
- communication styles
- help-seeking behaviour
- culturally adapted assessment tools and explanations for distress
- cultural supervision
- Whakama - lack of mana. Shame or guilt.
