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Flashcards in week one Deck (80)
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1
Q

pharmacology is the scientific study of

A

drugs and medication

2
Q

pharmacology is the study of who

A

humans and animals

3
Q

what is the connection of nursing to pharmacology

A

administration of medication of drug therapy to treat, heal, cure patient

4
Q

what are the 3 main learning goals of pharmacology

A

know medication
know what the medication does
know what to expect of medication

5
Q

what is the definition of drug

A

any chemical that can affect the living process

6
Q

what is the definition of clinical pharmacology

A

study of drugs in humans

7
Q

what kind of people are being looked at for clinical pharm

A

patients and healthy volunteers

8
Q

what is our main concern in pharm

A

pharmaco therapeutics

9
Q

how does pharmacy therapeutics help the patien

A

helps determine what does is needed

10
Q

what are the 3 most important properties of an ideal drug

A

effective
safe
selctivity

11
Q

all drugs have ability to cause _____ and how we control that is asking are we giving it for the _____ reasons

A

harm, right

12
Q

what is selectivity

A

drug to target what needs to be treated not something else

13
Q

what are the 7 additional ideal drug considerations

A
is it.... reversible
predictable
easy to administer
chemically stable
low risk for interactions
cost is low
simple name-generic trade
14
Q

what is a major factor in patient compliance

A

is it easy to administer to patient

15
Q

what is the therapeutic objective

A

maximum benefit with minimum harm

16
Q

what are the 4 factors affecting drug responses

A

administration, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics,

individual variations

17
Q

what is pharmacokinetics

A

how the body processes the drug

18
Q

what is pharmacodynamics

A

how the drug affects the body

19
Q

how does drug movement through the body go (pharmacokinetics)

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

20
Q

why should a nurse learn about pharm

A

learn how it effects the body, is the medication appropriate for patient

21
Q

who is the patients advocate

A

nurse

22
Q

what should a nurse know about a medication when giving it to a patient

A

is there a probability of an interaction based on what other medication the patient is taking

23
Q

nurse is responsible for…

A

detecting any mistakes

24
Q

what kind of mistakes is the nurse responsible for

A

was med ordered correctly; is the medication the right one for the patient

25
Q

who is patients last defense

A

nurse

26
Q

what does last line of defense mean as a nurse

A

nurses are the ones administering the meds to the patient

27
Q

what are nurses legally and ethically responsible for

A

that we never give medication that we KNOW will cause harm to patient

28
Q

what is the application of pharmacology in patient care: Pre-Administration Assesment

A

collecting baseline data and identifying high-risk patients

29
Q

what is collected in baseline date

A
  • medical history
  • objective and subjective data
  • blood work
  • height and weight
30
Q

why do you need to collect baseline data

A

to get to know the patient before administering meds

31
Q

what is subjective data

A

what the patient tells you

32
Q

what is objective data

A

what you observe of the patient

33
Q

which makes more of a difference, weight or hight

A

weight

34
Q

who are our high risk patients

A

patients with compromised immune systems, pregnant women, the very old and very young, drug allergies, and people with organ dysfunctions

35
Q

what is likely when a patient takes a drug for the first time

A

adverse reaction

36
Q

what does having a chronic illness fall into

A

high risk category

37
Q

what is the application for pharmacology in Patient Education

A
  • dosage and administering

- evaluating, adversities, management

38
Q

what should the nurse educate the patient on under dosage and administering

A
  • the 8 rights
  • optional routes
  • how to use and store drug
39
Q

what are the 8 rights

A

right name, medication, dose, amount, route, date, time, and reason

40
Q

what are the optional routes of a drug

A

oral, rectal, IV

41
Q

if given a PRN script there has to be an actually _______ for patient to take it

A

reason

42
Q

what is the nurse evaluating for

A

to see if the right medication was given for the right reason

43
Q

what should the nurse be thinking about when giving the medication

A

looking for signs and symptoms

44
Q

how is it easy to create a toxic level in patients body

A

patient compliance with drug could cause this by taking to many of the prescribed dose for example

45
Q

who is frequently the educator

A

nurse

46
Q

what happens when taking food with a medication that says do not take with food

A

it will lessen the drug intensity

47
Q

all medications will cause some sort of

A

side effect

48
Q

adverse effect is ____ what we want

A

not

49
Q

what kind of approach is the nursing process

A

systematic approach

50
Q

what is the systematic approach

A

knowing our patients and making sure it is safe for give to our patients

51
Q

what does the systematic approach guide in the nursing decisions

A
  • medication administration
  • patient safety
  • medical and legal standards
52
Q

what are 5 points when applying the nursing process in drug therapy

A
  • assessment and analysis
  • planning
  • implementation
  • evaluation
  • documentation
53
Q

what is the assessment and analysis

A

nursing diagnosis

54
Q

what is implementation

A

what did you actually carry out

55
Q

wha tis evaluation

A

did the end result come out how you wanted it to

56
Q

why is documentation important

A

it protects you as the nurse and it will also help the patient receive the right medication needed

57
Q

what is the controlled substance act, 1970 known for

A

this set rules for what can be manufactured and distributed with scheduled or controlled medications

58
Q

there are 5 levels regarding drugs what are they

A

level one= not approved for use in the U.S.

level 2-5 have to have a certain rx script in order to give out medication

59
Q

what are the 2022, 2003 children and pediatric laws set for

A

monitoring what medications are approved for children to take (such as tylenol for children)

60
Q

what is the 2007 FDA amendments act know for

A

once a drug hits the market its supposedly safe? well this law still maintains the right (FDA) to go back at any point and determine if the medication is still safe or not

61
Q

where did drugs originally come from

A

plants, animals, and things growing on rocks

62
Q

where do drugs come from now

A

synthetic chemicals

63
Q

why did drugs evolve

A

for safety and regulations

64
Q

what are chemical drugs free from

A

impurities

65
Q

what are the 3 randomized control trials

A
  • control use
  • randomization
  • blinding
66
Q

what is control use

A

comparing new med to an existing one or placebo to see if new med is better or worse for same disorder

67
Q

what is randomization

A

subjects are assigned to a control group or experimental group

68
Q

what is blinding

A

subject does not know what group they are in

69
Q

what does double blind mean

A

this is when the patients and researchers don’t know what group they are in (there is no bias example grey anatomy when meredith and derek had the trial)

70
Q

what are the stages of new drug development

A
  • preclinical testing

- clinical testing

71
Q

who is preclinical testing done one

A

animals to determine toxicity and therapeutic dose

72
Q

in clinical testing there are how many phases

A

I-IV (1-4)

73
Q

who is phase one of clinical testing used on

A

healthy volunteers

74
Q

what happens when the side effects in phase one are severe

A

they will go head and do it on patients with that specific disease

75
Q

what is phase two and three of clinical testing supposed to test

A

patients safeness, dose range, and if its therapeutic

76
Q

what is phase 4 of clinical testing supposed to do

A

make sure the drug is still safe (2007 FDA act)

77
Q

what are the limitations for new drug development

A

there is a difference between male and female

also child bearing women and small children are not tested on

78
Q

what are the 3 drug names

A

chemical, generic, trade

79
Q

T or F there are some medications that fit in multiple therapeutic classes

A

true

80
Q

how are meds classified

A
  • therapeutic
  • chemical
  • generation
  • marketing